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691 easily converted into its correlative, and the one impression into that which resembles it, and these two movements mutually assist one another, 286; anything that gives a pleasant or painful sensation and is related to self can cause pride or humility, as the case may be, 288, 303.

D. These statemmts limited: (1) the relation between the subject and self must be close, closer than joy requires, 290; (2) the agreeable thing or subject must be peculiar to ourselves, 291 (cf. 302), (3) and evident both to ourselves and others, 292, (4) and constant and durable, 293 (cf. 302); (5) the passion is much assisted by general rules or custom, 293: a man can be proud and yet not happy, for these are many real evils which make us miserable, though they do not diminish pride, 294.

E. Besides 'the qualities of our mind and body, that is self,' any object particularly related to us can cause pride, 303; resemblance between cause and object seldom a foundation of either pride or humility, 394; the relations of contiguity and causation are required, 305: and also an association of impressions, 306; pride in country or birthplace, in travels, in friends and relations, 307; in family, 308; in property, 309, which is a particular species of causation, 310; in riches, 311, 312 (v. Power); the opinions of others also produce pride by means of sympathy (q.v.), 316-322.

F. Pride of animals, 324, due to same causes as in men—but they can only be proud of their bodies, not of their mind or external objects, since they have no sense of virtue and are incapable of the relations of right and property, 326; but the causes operate in same manner, 327; experiments to confirm this theory, 332 f.

G. Transition from pride to love not so easy as from love to pride, 339; the mind more prone to pride than humility, hence more pride in contempt than humility in respect, 390; pride and hatred invigorate the soul, love and humility deject it, 391 (cf. 295).

§ 2. A. Virtue and vice the most obvious causes of pride and humility because they always produce pleasure and pain respectively: thus the virtue of humility exalts, and the vice of pride mortifies us, 295 (cf. 286, 391); other qualities, such as wit, also produce pride because their essence is to please our taste, 297; pride not always vicious nor humility virtuous, for pride=the pleasure of self-satisfaction, and humility the reverse, 297; beauty also produces pride, 299, 300, as does that which is surprising, 301; health not a cause of pride because not peculiar nor constant, 302 (cf. 291).

B. Virtue and vice distinguished from pleasures produced by inanimate objects, by their power of exciting pride and humility, 473 (cf. 288); all qualities which produce pleasure also produce pride and love: therefore virtue and the power of producing pride, vice and the power of producing humility and hatred, are to be