Page:Transactions of the Second International Folk-Congress.djvu/255

 respectively to the Canstadt and the Cro-Magnon type. Both were Palaeolithic, both lived in the Pleistocene Period, and the Palaeolithic Age seems to have begun at least 200,000 years ago ; yet these probably coexisting species differed from each other in cranial type, as well as in stature, even more than Whites now differ from Blacks; and there is even less evidence to show that one of these types was derived from the other than there is to show that the Neolithic was a descendant of the Patæolithic Man. Instead of being descended one from the other, each was more probably descended from a different species of "Primitive Man" Which, then, of these two species of Man is to be regarded as the "Primitive Man" of these theorists? If both are so to be regarded, how, with brainpans, and therefore brains, so extraordinarily different, could they both have had identical notions about things? And if the "Primitive Man" of Messrs. Spencer and Tylor is not the Pleistocene, but the Pliocene, or even Miocene Man, whose very existence is doubted, is it worth while following them in conjectures as to the character of his ideas?

The second of the fundamental facts I have to note is, that in the only Civilisations of the origins of which we know anything, there were two races in conflict—in the earlier Civilisations, a Higher White, and a Lower Coloured or Black Race; and in the later Civilisations, if not Races ethnically thus distinguishable, economically thus distinguishable through the possession by the one and non-possession by the other, of the Arts of Civilisation. The evidence in support of such a racial conflict in Egypt is, I believe, I may now say, overwhelming. And for a like conflict in Chaldea, the evidence seems to be at least sufficient. For instance, one important fact indicative of the racial type of the Ruling Race of Chaldea is the portrait of Gilgames on a seal dating back to 3,800 B.C. I have myself seen in the De Sarzec Collection at the Louvre "Archaic heads", as they were labelled, which represent the highest type of White Man, and which were found among the most ancient remains of Chaldean civilisation yet discovered.