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Rh Christian Sacrament of Baptism what St, Paul says of the Jewish sign of circumcision, do in effect destroy the very essentials of a Sacrament. For, whatever general terms they may use of Baptism Thus, it is not an unusual phrase with these writers to say that the Sacraments "not only signify, but effect what they signify," "not only shadow (figurant) but effect what they shadow;" and they are much displeased with their opponents, if they deny it; but when they explain this, we find that "'effecting' only means that the Sacraments seal and confirm that word of promise whereto they are united" ('efficere' utique obsignando confirmandoque verbum illud promissionis, cui adjunguntur ap. uti supra.—Chamier, Gatak. l.c. p. 102. For Chamier's notion, see above, p. 112. Note), whereby we come back to the same result, that they do but seal a thing already given, or to be given, but are not the channels whereby it is imparted. Calvin's definition of a Sacrament (and it is generally praised by this school, e. g. Whitaker, as the best,) is "an outward symbol, whereby the seals to our consciences the promises of His good-will towards us, to sustain the weakness of our faith; and we, on the other hand, attest our piety before Him, angels, and men." (Institt. 4. 14. 1.) Or, more briefly, "a testimony of the Divine favour towards us, confirmed by an outward sign, with a mutual attestation of our piety towards Him." Ib. (Contrast this with our's, "an outward and visible sign of an inward and spiritual grace, ordained by Himself, as a means whereby we receive the same, and a pledge to assure us thereof." In Calvin's view, the "means whereby we receive the same" is excluded.) Gataker, l.c. makes the excuse for his own (the Calvinist) writers as well as for the Fathers, that "whereas they say that the 'Sacraments effect what they figure,' they often so speak as to the Sacraments, as to need a fitting explanation, which," he adds, "they themselves also often furnish." ''Gisb. Voetius'' (ap. Wits. § 31. "immortalis nominis, when they begin to explain themselves, they always