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 Proclamations Proc. 7363 tacks at night, U.S. submarines inflicted a devastating toll on the }apanese Imperial Navy and merchant marine. By war's end, our submarine force had sunk 30 percent of the enemy's naval force and 60 percent of their merchant ships. But this impressive victory came at a heavy price: the sub- marine force suffered the highest casualty rate of any component of the U.S. Armed Services. Of the 16,000 Americans who served in submarines during the war, more than 3,500 gave their lives. As the Cold War dawned, the U.S. Submarine Force once again helped to turn the tide of history, this time by deterring war. In 1954, under the lead- ership of Admiral Hyman G. Rickover, nuclear power was introduced to the fleet on the U.S.S. Nautilus. Together with advances in hull design, si- lencing techniques, and sonic detection, nuclear power dramatically im- proved the speed, stealth, and range of U.S. submarines. By the 1960s, when ballistic missiles were successfully launched from submerged sub- marines, the U.S. Navy Submarine Force helped protect the Free World from Soviet aggression by conducting reconnaissance missions and by en- suring that the United States could retaliate effectively against any nuclear attack from the Soviet Union or its allies. The end of the Cold War, however, did not bring an end to the challenges facing our submarine force, as the outbreak of regional disturbances re- placed the threat of all-out nuclear conflict. Modern submarines, with their ability to remain submerged for long periods of time, excel at gathering timely and accurate information about potential trouble spots around the globe. Should the need arise, our submarine force can also exercise power- ful offensive capabilities, as it did during Operation Desert Storm in Ku- wait and Iraq and Operation Allied Force in Kosovo. Today's submariners continue to build on a proud tradition of service by protecting U.S. inter- ests, defending our freedom and that of our allies, and helping to shape a more peaceful world in the 21st century. NOW, THEREFORE, I, WILLIAM J. CLINTON, President of the United States of America, by virtue of the authority vested in me by the Constitu- tion and laws of the United States, do hereby proclaim October 12, 2000, as the 100th Anniversary of the U.S. Navy Submarine Force. I call upon all Americans to observe this centennial celebration with appropriate pro- grams, ceremonies, and activities in honor of those patriots, past and present, who have played a part in the rich history of the U.S. Navy Sub- marine Force--from ship designers and builders to logisticians and support personnel to submarine crews and their families--and in tribute to those who gave their lives for our freedom. Because of the vision, dedication, courage, and selfiessness of generations of these brave Americans, the United States today has a submarine force second to none, whose unprece- dented contributions to intelligence, deterfence, and offensive military ca- pability will continue to serve as a strong pillar of our Nation's security in the years to come. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this twelfth day of October, in the year of our Lord two thousand, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and twenty-fifth. WILLIAM J. CLINTON 183

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