Page:Tibetan Romanization.pdf/2

 Other Letters or Diacritical Marks Used in Words of Non-Tibetan Origin (see Notes 6 and 7)

Consonant Clusters with Non-joiner to Disambiguate (see Notes 8 and 9)

Notes
 * 1. Internal capitalization of base consonants is not to be followed.
 * 2. The vowel a is implicit after all consonants in independent form and is supplied in romanization, unless another vowel is indicated by its appropriate sign.
 * 3. The ’a chung ( འ་ ) is represented by an alif ( ʼ ) unless marked with a vowel marker, in which case it is represented by the alif plus the appropriate vowel. When the ʼa chung is written below any letter representing vocalic length, it is romanized according to the vowel table.
 * 4. Only the vowel forms that appear at the beginning of a syllable are listed. A syllable is defined as a graph or group of graphs followed by a tsheg ( ་ ). The forms used for vowels following a consonant can be found in grammars.
 * 5. The reversed form of the letter i ( ྀ ) that appears in Old Tibetan documents is transcribed in the same way as the more normative form ཨི་ ( i ), since it is a variation in script and does not carry any unique semantic or phonetic value.
 * 6. The reverse-d ( ཌ་ ) is rendered as ḍ when it appears in Tibetanized Sanskrit words. However, when the reverse-d appears at the end of a Tibetan syllable as scribal shorthand for གས, then it is romanized as gs.