Page:Thomas Patrick Hughes - Notes on Muhammadanism - 2ed. (1877).djvu/178

Rh Hakím. A doctor of philosophy, used also for a doctor of medicine.

Muhaqqiq. A very learned doctor in one or two sciences.

Maulawí, also Mullá. A doctor of divinity, used for any person who has been educated in the Muhammadan religion, and assumes the office of teacher.

Faqíh. A doctor of law.

Mutakallim. A doctor of theology.

Muhaddis. A doctor of the law of the traditions.

Mufassir. One learned in the commentaries on the Qurán.

Madarrís. An academical doctor, i. e., one educated in some school of reputation.

Doctors of Divinity are of three grades: Maulaví, ʾAlim (pl. ʾUlama), Mujtahid (pl. Muj-tahidín). The title of Mujtahid is held by very few Sunní Muhammadans, but is more common amongst the Shíaʾhs.

In addition to these titles, which express the degree of learning, there are others which denote the piety and sanctity of the individual. Pír and Walí are the common titles; but the