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Rh the development of church and religious life than the influence these have exerted at all times upon those other developments" — Kolde, in "Neue Kirchliche Zeitschrift," 1900, p. 185. "I can explain my own scientific tendency in that, that, stimulated also by Reuter in this direction, I have emphasized in opposition to the school of Neander, that a real insight into church historical development is only attainable through the closest conjunction with knowledge of the development of the history of the world and the entire intellectual life, and, that especially for the understanding of church history since the end of the Middle Ages a better basis, gained through research work in archives, so long neglected by theology, is very necessary" — Kolde in the year 1903. That he was dominated by these principles from the beginning of his activities as an investigator and also wrote his Luther biography from this viewpoint, we will attempt to show a little later.

4 Herder of St. Louis brought out the English edition.

5 W. Walther in "Luther im neuesten roemischen Gericht" I Halle, 1884, p. 15, "Janssen's History of the German people is very dangerous reading matter; in order to refute every wrong word in this work, one would have to publish such a voluminous work, that there would be hardly any subscribers for it. There are not a few pages in this book where nearly every sentence in some way calls forth our protest. For the individual, smaller parts are prepared with such consummate art, these parts again constructed into larger groups with such skill, and these groups again dovetailed into the whole picture with fairly invisible cement that one would not only have to uncover the errors in these smaller parts, but above all those in the phrases that connect these, in order to refute Janssen thoroughly."

6 In W. Walther's "Luther im roemischen Gericht," I Halle, 1874, one can find, p. 16 sq., a complete list of such libelous writings. Majunke's "Luther's Lebensende" is meant here.

7 Together with L. Pastor's continuation of Janssen's history, L. Pastor, "Erlaeuterungen und Ergaenzungen zu Janssen's Geschichte des deutschen Volkes," published since 1903, is especially to be considered.

8 Of manuscripts in the first edition, Koestlin only used the Table-Talk collection of Val. Bavarus, which was at Gotha. In