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xxiv and Smell express both the sensations and the qualities of material bodies giving rise to them. Thought is the act of thinking ; bat the same word denotes also the idea resulting from that act. Judgment is the act of deciding, and also the decision come to. Fixrchase is the acquisition of a thing by payment, as well as the thing itself so acquired. Speech is both the act of speaking and the words spoken ; and so on with regard to an endless multiplicity of words. Mind is essentially distinct from Matter ; and yet, in all languages, the attributes of the one are metaphorically transferred to those of the other. Matter, in all its forms, is endowed by the figurative genius of every language with the functions which pertain to intellect; and we perpetually talk of its phenomena and of its powers, as if they resulted from the voluntary influence of one body on another, acting and reacting, impelling and being impelled, controlling and being controlled, as if animated by spontaneous energies and guided by specific intentions. On the other hand, expressions, of which the primary signification refers exclusively to the properties and actions of matter, are metaphorically applied to the phenomena of thought and volition, and even to the feelings and passions of the soul ; and in speaking of a ray of hope, a shade of doubt, b, flight of fancy, a flash of wit, the warmth of emotion, or the ebullitions of anger, we are scarcely conscious that we are employing metaphors which have this material origin.

As a general rule, I have deemed it incumbent on me to place words and phrases which appertain more especially to one head, also under the other heads to which they have a relation, whenever it appeared to me that this repetition would suit the convenience of the inquirer, and spare him the trouble of turning to other parts of the work ; for I have always jareferred to subject myself to the imputation of redundance, rather than incur the reproach of insufficiency. When, however, the divergence of the associated from the primary idea is sufficiently marked, I have contented myself with