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relations between the Moslems and Hindus of India. But the fast of Ramadan, which is required in the name of religion, and in practice appears to be an end in itself, generally operates in such a manner as to be devoid of true spiritual power. It is thus, undoubtedly, that many Western-educated Moslems regard it, since they no longer strictly observe it.

4. Tithes and alms. A good Moslem must give regularly for the cause of religion. This is one of the pillars of Islamic faith that goes back directly to the example of the Prophet and the teaching of the Koran. Therefore the tithe in Islam is compulsory, as it was among the Jews. The tithing rate in Islam is much less than the Jewish one-tenth of the income, and is generally regarded as about one-fortieth of the total income. Where strict Islamic law and government prevail there are religious tax collectors who gather up these tithes; but generally speaking today the matter is left to the conscience of the individual, and especially is this true in countries where Moslems live under non-Moslem governments, such as India and North Africa.

In addition to the legal tithe which is required, it is no uncommon thing for Moslems to make additional offerings for charitable purposes. Islam encourages giving to the poor and homeless, and the expenditure of one's substance on hospitality. In fact it is a religious duty to be hospitable, and a Moslem is expected to entertain a guest for three days. After that length of time one may not expect hospitality to