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 4. Thermal Death Points of Species of Yeasts 168

5. Temperature Limits and Optimum Temperature for Spore Formation 168

6. Sexuality, Morphological Characters of the Ascs and Ascospores, Germination of Ascospores 170

7. Temperature Conditions for Scum Formation and Ring Formation 171

8. Macroscopic Appearances of Cultures on Solid Media 173

9. Giant Colonies 174

10. Biochemical Activities of Yeasts 174

11. Methods for Determination of Species Torula, Mycoderma and Pathogenic Yeasts 176

CHAPTER VIII

VARIATION OF SPECIES

1. Morphological Variations 178

a. Temporary Variations. Polymorphism 178

b. Permanent Variations. Polymorphism 179

2. Physiological Variations 184

CHAPTER IX

CLASSIFICATION OF THE YEASTS

1. Family of Saccharomycetes 193

a. First Group 193

6. Second Group 193

c. Third Group 194

d. Fourth Group 195

e. Fifth Group 195

2. Family of Non-Saccharomycetes 196

CHAPTER X FAMILY OF NON-SACCHAROMYCETES

First Group

GENUS I. Schizosaccharomyces.

Schizosaccharomyces octosporus 197

" Pombe, Lindner 199

" mellacei, Jorgensen 200

" asporus, Eykmann 202

" aphalarae calthae, Sulc 202

" Formosensis, Nakayaza 203

" Sautawensis, Nakayaza 204

" Nokkoensis, Nakayaza 204

" chermetis abietis, Sulc 205