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 them from, the universities, 205; their employment naturally renders them eminent in letters, 206–207.

Tenures, feudal, general observations on, ii. 12; described, 76.

Theology, monkish, the complexion of, iii. 150.

Tin, average rent of the mines of, in Cornwall, i. 260; yield a greater profit to the proprietors than the silver mines of Peru, 261; regulations under which tin mines are worked, 262.

Tobacco, the culture of, why restrained in Europe, i. 245; not so profitable an article of cultivation in the West Indies as sugar, ibid.—The amount and course of the British trade with, explained, ii. 64; the whole duty upon, drawn back on exportation, 222; consequences of the exclusive trade Britain enjoys with Maryland and Virginia in this article, 351.

Tolls, for passage over roads, bridges, and navigable canals, the equity of, shown, iii. 87; upon carriages of luxury, ought to be higher than upon carriages of utility, 88; the management of turnpikes often an object of just complaint, 90; why government ought not to have the management of turnpikes, 91–93, 323.

Tonnage and poundage, origin of those duties, iii. 302.

Tontine in the French finances, what, with the derivation of the name, iii. 359.

Toulouse, salary paid to a counsellor or judge in the Parliament of, iii. 81.

Towns, the places where industry is most profitably exerted, i. 202; the spirit of combination prevalent among manufacturers, 203, 207.—According to what circumstances the general character of the inhabitants, as to industry, is formed, ii. 14–16; the reciprocal nature of the trade between them and the country, explained, 68; subsist on the surplus produce of the country, 70; how first formed, 71; are continual fairs, ibid.; the original poverty and servile state of the inhabitants of, 91; their early exemptions and privileges, how obtained, ibid.; the inhabitants of, obtained liberty much earlier than the occupiers of land in the country, 93; origin of free burghs, 94; origin of corporations, ibid.; why allowed to form militia, 96; how the increase and riches of commercial towns contributed to the improvement of the countries to which they belonged, 106.

Trade, double interest deemed a reasonable mercantile profit in, i. 163.—Four general classes of, equally necessary to, and dependent on, each other, ii. 45–46; wholesale, three different sorts of, 57; the different returns of home and foreign trade, 58; the nature and operation of the carrying trade examined, 61; the principles of foreign trade examined, 63–64; the trade between town and country explained, 68; original poverty and servile slate of the inhabitants of towns, under feudal government, 91; exemptions and privileges granted to them, 92; extension of commerce by rude nations selling their own raw produce for the manufactures of more civilized countries, 100–101; its salutary effects on the government and man-