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 73; inequality of fortune first began to take place in the age of shepherds, 74; and introduced civil government, ibid.

Shetland, how rents are estimated and paid there, i. 227–228.

Silk manufacture, how transferred from Lucca to Venice, ii. 102.

Silver, the first standard coinage of the northern subverters of the Roman empire, i. 87; its proportional value to gold regulated by law, 88; is the measure of the value of gold, 89; mint price of silver in England, 90–91; inquiry into the difference between the mint and market prices of bullion, 93; how to preserve the silver coin from being melted down for profit, 95; the mines of, in Europe, why generally abandoned, 260; evidences of the small profit they yield to proprietors in Peru, 261; qualities for which this metal is valued, 264; the most abundant mines of, would add little to the wealth of the world, 266; but the increase in the quantity of, would depreciate its own value, 269; circumstaucescircumstances [sic] that might counteract this effect, 270; historical view of the variations in the value of, during the last four centuries, 271; remarks on its rise in value compared with corn, 276; circumstances that have misled writers in reviewing the value of silver, 277; corn the best standard for judging of the real value of silver, 284–285; the price of, how affected by the increase of quantity, 286; the value of, sunk by the discovery of the American mines, 291; when the reduction of its value from this cause appears to have been completed, 292; tax paid from the Peruvian mines to the King of Spain, 302; the value of silver kept up by an extension of the market, 303–304; is the most profitable commodity that can be sent to China, 310; the value of, how proportioned to that of gold, before and after the discovery of the American mines, 315–316; the quantity commonly in the market in proportion to that of gold, probably greater than their relative values indicate, 317; the value of, probably rising, and why, 321; the opinion of a depreciation of its value, not well founded, 358.—The real value of, degraded by the bounty on the exportation of corn, ii. 233.

Sinking Fund in the British finances, explained, iii. 356; is inadequate to the discharge of former debts, and almost wholly applied to other purposes, 364; motives to the misapplication of it, ibid.

Slaves, the labor of, dearer to the masters than that of free men, i. 142.—Under feudal lords, circumstances of their situation, ii. 80; countries where this order of men still remains, 80–81; why the service of slaves is preferred to that of free men, 81; their labor why unprofitable, 83; causes of the abolishing of slavery in America, 82 note; causes of the abolishing of slavery throughout the greater part of Europe, 83–84; receive more protection from the magistrate in an arbitrary government, than in one that is free, 340–341.—Why employed in manufactures, by the ancient Grecians, iii. 37; why no improvements are to be expected from them, 38.