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 France, 338; how expended, in the rude state of society, 343.

Rice, a very productive article of cultivation, i. 247; requires a soil unfit for raising any other kind of food, 248; rice countries more populous than corn countries, 308.

Riches, the chief enjoyment of, consists in the parade of, i. 264–265.

Risk, instances of the inattention mankind pay to it, i. 178.

Roads, good, the public advantages of, i. 231.—How to be made and maintained, iii. 86; the maintenance of, why improper to be trusted to private interest, 90; general state of, in France, 93; in China, 94–95.

Romans, why copper became the standard of value among them, i. 71, 87; the extravagant prices paid by them for certain luxuries for the table, accounted for, 326; the value of silver higher among them than at the present time, 327.

Rome, the republic of, founded on a division of land among the citizens, ii. 298; the agrarian law only executed upon one or two occasions, ibid.; how the citizens who had no land, subsisted, 299; distinction between the Roman and Greek colonies, 300; the improvement of the former slower than that of the latter, 311–312; origin of the Social War, 390; the republic ruined by extending the privilege of Roman citizens to the greater part of the inhabitants of Italy, 392.—When contributions were first raised to maintain those who went to the wars, iii. 48; soldiers not a distinct profession there, 51; improvement of the Roman armies by discipline, 60; how that discipline was lost, 61–62; the fall of the Western empire, how effected, 62; remarks on the education of the ancient Romans, 154; their morals superior to those of the Greeks, 155; state of law and forms of justice, 157–158; the martial spirit of the people, how supported, 168; great reductions of the coin practiced by, at particular exigencies, 378.

Rome, modern, how the zeal of the inferior clergy of, is kept alive, iii. 173; the clergy of, one great spiritual army dispersed in different quarters over Europe, 189–190; their power during the feudal monkish ages similar to that of the temporal barons, 190; their power how reduced, 193–194.

Rouen, why a town of great trade, ii. 15.

Ruddiman, Mr., remarks on his account of the ancient price of wheat in Scotland, i. 280.

Russia was civilized under Peter I. by a standing army, iii. 65.

, why no sensible inconvenience is felt by the great numbers disbanded at the close of a war, ii. 179.

Salt is an object of heavy taxation everywhere, iii. 294; the collection of the duty on, expensive, 327; account of foreign salt imported into Scotland, and of Scots salt delivered duty free, for the fishery, 407.

San Domingo. See Domingo.

Sardinia, the land tax how assessed there, iii. 239.