Page:The wealth of nations, volume 3.djvu/442

 of labor and profits on stock, in manufactures, 100; the whole labor of a country never exerted, 106–107; is in every instance suited to the demand, 112; the effect of extraordinary calls for, 114; the deductions made from the produce of labor employed upon land, 121; why dearer in North America than in England, 127; is cheap in countries that are stationary, 129; the demand for, would continually decrease in a declining country, 131; the province of Bengal cited as an instance, ibid.; is not badly paid for in Great Britain, 132; an increasing demand for, favorable to population, 141; that of freemen cheaper to the employers than that of slaves, 142; the money price of, how regulated, 148–149, 201; common labor and skilful labor distinguished, 169; the free circulation of, from one employment to another, obstructed by corporation laws, 216; the unequal prices of, in different places, probably owing to the law of settlements, 222; can always procure subsistence on the spot where it is purchased, 229; the money price of, in different countries, how governed, 287–288; is set in motion by stock employed for profit, 371; the division of, depends on the accumulation of stock, 382; machines to facilitate labor advantageous to society, 397.—Productive and unproductive, distinguished, ii. 7; various orders of men specified, whose labor is unproductive, 8–9; unproductive laborers all maintained by revenue, 10–11; the price of, how raised by the increase of the national capital, 38–39; its price, though nominally raised, may continue the same, 41; is liberally rewarded in new colonies, 310.—Of artificers and manufacturers, never adds any value to the whole amount of the rude produce of the land, according to the French agricultural system of political economy, iii. 13; this doctrine shown to be erroneous, 25; the productive powers of labor, how to be improved, 27.

Laborers, useful and productive, everywhere proportioned to the capital stock on which they are employed, i. 41; share the produce of their labor, in most cases, with the owners of the stock on which they are employed, 101; their wages a continued subject of contest between them and their masters, 123; are seldom successful in their outrageous combinations, 124; the sufficiency of their earnings, a point not easily determined, 125; their wages sometimes raised by increase of work, 126; their demands limited by the funds destined for payment, ibid.; are continually wanted in North America, 127–128; miserable condition of those in China, 129; are not ill paid in Great Britain, 132; if able to maintain their families in dear years, they must be at their ease in plentiful seasons, 133; a proof furnished in the complaints of their luxury, 139; why worse paid than artificers, 169; their interests strictly connected with the interests of the society, 370; labor the only source of their revenue, 384.—Effects of a life of labor on the understandings of the poor, iii. 162–163.