Page:The wealth of nations, volume 3.djvu/434

 encouraged by European nations, 154; by what means promoted, ibid.; the motives to, and tendency of, drawbacks of duties, 220; the grant of bounties on, considered, 227; exportation of the materials of manufactures, review of the restraints and prohibitions of, 424 et seq.

, articles of, how regulated by the civil magistrate, iii. 186.

Families seldom remain on large estates for many generations in commercial countries, ii. 116.

Famine. See Dearth.

Farmers of land, the several articles that compose their gain, distinguished, i. 106; require more knowledge and experience than the generality of manufacturers, 204; in what their capitals consist, 386.—The great quantity of productive labor put into motion by their capitals, ii. 51; artificers necessary to them, 71; their situation better in England than in any other part of Europe, 85; labor under great disadvantages everywhere, 88–89; origin of long leases of farms, 115; are a class of men least subject to the wretched spirit of monopoly, 168; farmers were forced, by old statutes, to become the only dealers in corn, 260; could not sell corn cheaper than any other corn merchant, 262; could seldom sell it so cheap, 263; the culture of land obstructed by this division of their capitals, 264; the use of corn dealers to the farmers, ibid.—How they contribute to the annual production of the land, according to the French agricultural system of political economy, iii. 10; of the public revenue, their character, ii. 336–337, 361.

Feudal government, miserable state of the occupiers of land under, ii. 12; trade and interest of money under, 13; feudal chiefs, their power, 76; slaves, their situation, 80–82; Metayers, Coloni Partiarii, 82; tenures of land, 83; taxation, 88; original poverty and servile state of the tradesmen in towns, 91–92; immunities seldom granted but for valuable considerations, 92; origin of free burghs, 93–94; the power of the barons reduced by municipal privileges, 95–96; the cause and effect of ancient hospitality, 108; extensive power of the ancient barons, 110; was not established in England until the Norman conquest, 111; was silently subverted by manufactures and commerce, 112.—Account of the casualties or taxes under, iii. 274–275; revenues under, how enjoyed by the great landholders, 344.

Feudal wars, how supported, iii. 48; military exercises not well attended to, under, 51; standing armies gradually introduced to supply the place of the feudal militia, 63.

Fiars, public, in Scotland, the nature of the institution explained, i. 277.

Fines, for the renewal of leases, the motive for exacting them, and their tendency, iii. 233.

Firearms, alteration in the art of war, effected by the invention of, iii. 55–56, 66; the invention of, favorable to the extension of civilization, 67.

Fish, the component parts of the price