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 review of the British American colonies, 319–321; expense of the civil establishments in British America, 322; ecclesiastical government, 323; general view of the restraints laid upon the trade of the European colonies, 324; the trade of the British colonies, how regulated, 326; the different kinds of non-enumerated commodities specified, 327; enumerated commodities, 330; restraints upon their manufactures, 332–333; indulgences granted them by Great Britain, 335; were free in every other respect except as to their foreign trade, 337; little credit due to the policy of Europe from the success of the colonies, 343; throve by the disorder and injustice of the European governments, ibid.; have contributed to augment the industry of all the countries of Europe, 345–346; exclusive privileges of trade, a dead weight upon all these exertions both in Europe and America, 348; have in general been a source of expense instead of revenue to their mother countries, 350; have only benefited their mother countries by the exclusive trade carried on with them, ibid.; consequences of the navigation act, 352; the advantage of the colony trade to Britain estimated, 359–360; a gradual relaxation of the exclusive commerce recommended, 367; events which have prevented Britain from sensibly feeling the loss of the colony trade, 368; the effects of the colony trade, and the monopoly of that trade, distinguished, 370–372; to maintain a monopoly, the principal end of the dominion Great Britain assumes over the colonies, 380; amount of the ordinary peace establishment of, ibid.; the two late wars Britain sustained, colony wars, to support a monopoly, 381; two modes by which they might be taxed, 384; their assemblies not likely to tax them, ibid.; taxes by parliamentary requisition, as little likely to be raised, 385–386; representatives of, might be admitted into the British Parliament with good effect, 390; answer to objections against American representation, 393; the interest of the consumer in Britain, sacrificed to that of the producer, in raising an empire in America, 443–444.

Columbus, the motive that led to his discovery of America, ii. 301; why he gave the name of Indies to the islands he discovered, 302–303; his triumphal exhibition of their productions, 304–305.

Columella, his instruction for fencing a kitchen-garden, i. 239; advises the planting of vineyards, 240.

Commerce, the different common standards or mediums made use of to facilitate the exchange of commodities, in the early stages of, i. 67; origin of money, 68; definition of the term value, 73.—Treaties of, though advantageous to the merchants and manufacturers of the favored country, necessarily disadvantageous to those of the favoring country, ii. 281; translation of the commercial treaty between England and Portugal concluded in 1703, by Mr. Methuen, 282; restraints laid upon the European colonies in America, 327–328; the present