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418 generally paid for, 258–259; the machinery necessary to, expensive, 386.

Coal trade from Newcastle to London, employs more shipping than all the other carrying trade of England, ii. 62.

Cochin-China, remarks on the principal articles of cultivation there, i. 243–244.

Coin, stamped, the origin and peculiar advantages of, in commerce, i. 70; the different species of, in different ages and countries, 71; causes of the alterations in the value of, 72, 78, 80, 81; how the standard coin of different nations came to be of different metals, 87; a reform in the English coinage suggested, 94–95; silver, consequences attending the debasement of, 294.—Coinage of France and Britain, examined, ii. 189; why coin is privately melted down, 289; the mint chiefly employed to keep up the quantity thus diminished, ibid.; a duty to pay the coinage would preserve money from being melted or counterfeited, 290; standard of the gold coin in France, 291; how a seigniorage on coin would operate, ibid.; a tax upon coinage is advanced by everybody, and finally paid by nobody, 294; a revenue lost, by government defraying the expense of coinage, ibid.; amount of the annual coinage before the late reformation of the gold coin, 295; the law for the encouragement of, founded on prejudice, 296.—Consequences of raising the denomination, as an expedient to facilitate payment of public debts, iii. 376–377; adulteration of, 380.

Colbert, M., the policy of his commercial regulations disputed, ii. 176, iii. 9; his character, iii. 7–8.

Colleges, cause of the depreciation of their money rents inquired into, i. 81–82.—The endowments of, from whence they generally arise, iii. 135; whether they have in general answered the purposes of their institution, 135–136; these endowments have diminished the necessity of application in the teachers, 137; the privileges of graduates by residence, and charitable foundation of scholarships, injurious to collegiate education, 139–140; discipline of, 141.

Colliers and coal-heavers, their high earnings accounted for, i. 172.

Colonies, new, the natural progress of, i. 157.—Modern, the commercial advantages derived from them, ii. 155; ancient, on what principles founded, 297; ancient Grecian colonies not retained under subjection to the parent States, 297–298; distinction between the Roman and Greek colonies, 300; circumstances that led to the establishment of European colonies in the East Indies and America, ibid.; the East Indies discovered by Vasco da Gama, 301; the West Indies discovered by Columbus, 302; gold the object of the first Spanish enterprises there, 306; and of those of all other European nations, 309; causes of the prosperity of new colonies, ibid.; rapid progress of the ancient Greek colonies, 311; the Roman colonies slow in improvement, 312; the remoteness of America and the West Indies, greatly in favor of the European colonies there, 312–313;