Page:The wealth of nations, volume 3.djvu/425

Rh the mortality still greater among those maintained by charity, 140.

China, to what the early improvement in arts and industry there was owing, i. 64; concurrent testimonies of the misery of the lower ranks of the Chinese, 130; is not, however, a declining country, ibid.; high rate of interest of money there, 161; great state assumed by the grandees, 308; the price of labor there, lower than in the greater part of Europe, 309; silver the most profitable article to send thither, 310; the proportional value of gold to silver, how rated there, 316; the value of gold and silver much higher there than in any part of Europe, 354.—Agriculture favored there, beyond manufactures, iii. 31; foreign trade not favored there, 33; extension of the home market, ibid.; great attention paid to the roads there, 94–95; in what the principal revenue of the sovereign consists, 243; the revenue of, partly raised in kind, 244.

Church, the richer the Church the poorer the State, iii. 208; amount of the revenue of the Church of Scotland, ibid.; the revenue of the Church heavier taxed in Prussia than lay proprietors, 238; the nature and effect of tithes considered, 241.

Circulation, the dangerous practice of raising money by, explained, i. 429–430; in traffic, the two different branches of, considered, 446–447.

Cities, circumstances which contributed to their opulence, ii. 99; those of Italy the first that rose to consequence, 100; the commerce and manufactures of, have occasioned the improvement and cultivation of the country, 117.

Clergy, a supply of, provided for, by public and private foundations for their education, i. 209–210; curates worse paid than many mechanics, ibid.—Of an established religion, why unsuccessful against the teachers of a new religion, iii. 172; why they persecute their adversaries, ibid.; the zeal of the inferior clergy of the Church of Rome, how kept alive, 173; utility of ecclesiastical establishments, 175; how connected with the civil magistrate, 176; unsafe for the civil magistrate to differ with them, 184; must be managed without violence, 187; of the Church of Rome, one great army cantoned over Europe, 189; their power similar to that of the temporal barons, during the feudal monkish ages, 190; how the power of the Romish clergy declined, 193–194; evils attending allowing parishes to elect their own ministers, 201–202.

Clothing, more plentiful than food, in uncultivated countries, i. 250; the materials for, the first articles rude nations have to offer, 251.

Coal, must generally be cheaper than wood to gain the preference for fuel, i. 256; the price of, how reduced, 258.—The exportation of, subjected to a duty higher than the prime cost of at the pit, ii. 440.—The cheapest of all fuel, iii. 295; the tax on, absurdly regulated, 295–296.

Coal mines, their different degrees of fertility, i. 255; when fertile, are sometimes unprofitable by situation. 256; the proportion of rent