Page:The wealth of nations, volume 3.djvu/421

Rh why rendered secure, iii. 187; the power of collating to, how taken from the Pope, in England and France, 195; general equality of, among the Presbyterians, 202; good effects of this equality, 204.

Bengal, to what circumstances its early improvement in agriculture and manufactures was owing, i. 64; present miserable state of the country, 131–132; remarks on the high rates of interest there, 159.—Oppressive conduct of the English there to suit their trade in opium, ii. 410.—Why more remarkable for the exportation of manufactures than of grain, iii. 36.

Berne, brief history of the republic of, ii. 98.—Establishment of the Reformation there, iii. 198; application of the revenue of the Catholic clergy, 208; derives a revenue from the interest of its treasure, 217; only republic in Europe which has amassed treasure, 346.

Bills of exchange, punctuality in the payment of, how secured, i. 429; the pernicious practice of drawing and redrawing explained, 430; the arts made use of to disguise this mutual traffic in bills, 432.

Birth, superiority of, how it confers respect and authority, iii. 72.

Bishops, the ancient mode of electing them, and how altered, iii, 188–195.

Body, natural and political, analogy between, iii. 23.

Bohemia, account of the tax there on the industry of artificers, iii. 284.

Bordeaux, why a town of great trade, ii. 15.

Bounty on the exportation of corn, the tendency of this measure examined, i. 293.

Bounties, why given in commerce, ii. 155; on exportation, the policy of granting them considered, 227; on the exportation of corn, 229; this bounty imposes two taxes on the people, 231–232; evil tendency of this bounty, 239; the bounty only beneficial to the exporter and importer, 240; motives of the country gentlemen in granting the bounty, 240–241; a trade which requires a bounty, necessarily a losing trade, 242; tonnage bounties to the fisheries considered, 244; account of the white-herring fishery, 247; remarks on other bounties, 250–252; a review of the principles on which they are generally granted, 420–423; those granted on American produce founded on mistaken policy, 424; how they affect the consumer, 443.

Brazil, grew to be a powerful colony under neglect, ii. 315; the Dutch invaders expelled by the Portuguese colonists, ibid.; computed number of inhabitants there, 316; the trade of the principal provinces oppressed by the Portuguese, 325.

Bread, its relative value with butcher's meat compared, i. 232–237.

Brewery, reasons for transferring the taxes on, to the malt, iii. 315–316.

Bridges, how to be erected and maintained, iii. 86.

Britain, Great, evidences that labor is sufficiently paid for there, i. 132; the price of provisions nearly the same in most places, 133; great variations in the price of labor, 134; vegetables imported from Flanders in the last century, 138; historical account of the alterations interest of money has undergone, 152–153; double interest deemed a reason-