Page:The wealth of nations, volume 3.djvu/418

410 ations not so much intended to increase, as to direct, the fertility of nature, 50; has been the cause of the prosperity of the British colonies in America, 55; the profits of, exaggerated by projectors, 66; on equal terms, is naturally preferred to trade, 70; artificers necessary to the carrying it on, 71; was not attended to by the Northern destroyers of the Roman empire, 75; the ancient policy of Europe unfavorable to, 90; was promoted by the commerce and manufactures of towns, 117; the wealth arising from, more solid and durable than that which proceeds from commerce, 122; is not encouraged by the bounty on the exportation of corn, 233; why the proper business of new colonies, 372.—The present agricultural system of political economy adopted in Prance, described, iii. 9; is discouraged by restrictions and prohibitions in trade, 20–21; is favored beyond manufactures, in China, 31–32; and in Egypt and Hindustan, 33–35; does not require so extensive a market as manufactures, 35; to check manufactures, in order to promote agriculture, false policy, 41; landlords ought to be encouraged to cultivate part of their own land, 234.

Alcavala, the tax in Spain so called, explained and considered, iii. 332; the ruin of the Spanish manufactures attributed to this tax, ibid.

Alehouses, the number of, not the efficient cause of drunkenness, i. 211.

Allodial rights, mistaken for feudal rights, ii. 111; the introduction of the feudal law tended to moderate the authority of the allodial lords, ibid.

Ambassadors, the first motive of their appointment, iii. 99.

America, why labor is dearer in North America than in England, i. 127; great increase of population there, 128; common rate of interest there, 156; is a new market for the produce of its own silver mines, 304; the first accounts of the two empires of Peru and Mexico, greatly exaggerated, 305; improving state of the Spanish colonies, 306; account of the paper currency of the British colonies, 452–453.—Cause of the rapid prosperity of the British colonies there, ii. 55; why manufactures for distant sale have never been established there, 72; its speedy improvement owing to assistance from foreign capitals, 74; the purchase and improvement of uncultivated land, the most profitable employment of capitals, 119; commercial alterations produced by the discovery of, 150; but two civilized nations found on the whole continent, 151; the wealth of the North American colonies increased, though the balance of trade continued against them, 219; Madeira wine, how introduced there, 224–225; historical review of the European settlements in, 301; of Spain, 313; of Sweden, 316; of Denmark, 317; of Holland, ibid.; of France, 318; of Britain, 319; ecclesiastical government in the several European colonies, 323–324; fish a principal article of trade from North America to Spain, Portugal and the Mediterranean, 328; naval stores to Britain,