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 ANNALS OF DISCOVERY.

B.C.

cir. 600. Marseilles founded.

570. Anaximander of Miletus invents maps and the gnomon.

501. Hecatæus of Miletus writes the first geography.

450. Himilco the Carthaginian said to have visited Britain.

446. Herodotus describes Egypt and Scythia.

cir. 450. Hanno the Carthaginian sails down the west coast of Africa as far as Sierra Leone.

cir. 333. Pytheas visits Britain and the Low Countries.

332. Alexander conquers Persia and visits India.

330. Nearchus sails from the Indus to the Arabian Gulf.

cir. 300. Megasthenes describes the Punjab.

cir. 200. Eratosthenes founds scientific geography.

100. Marinus of Tyre, founder of mathematical geography.

60-54. Cæsar conquers Gaul; visits Britain, Switzerland, and Germany.

20. Strabo describes the Roman Empire. First mention of Thule and Ireland.

bef. 12. Agrippa compiles a Mappa Mundi, the foundation of all succeeding ones.

A.D.

150. Ptolemy publishes his geography.

230. The Peutinger Table pictures the Roman roads.

400-14. Fa-hien travels through and describes Afghanistan and India.

499. Hoei-Sin said to have visited the kingdom of Fusang, 20,000 furlongs east of China (identified by some with California).

518-21. Hoei-Sing and Sung-Yun visit and describe the Pamirs and the Punjab.

540. Cosmas Indicopleustes visits India, and combats the sphericity of the globe.

629-46. Hiouen-Tshang travels through Turkestan, Afghanistan, India, and the Pamirs. 186