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4 they affect the Samhitas,the fundamental collections, a small number only has come down to us ; of the Rig-Veda, only one;^ of the Atharva-Veda, two; 2 of the Sama-Veda, three ;^ while of the Yajur-Yeda there are five, of which three are of the Black Yajus* and two of the White Yajus.^ All this united constitutes the grtcti, " the hearing," i.e., the sacred and revealed tradition.

If we except a certain quantity of appended matter, which criticism has no difficulty in discriminating from the

Veda we owe to A. C. Burnell : The Samavidhana-Br., London, 1873. The Vamga-Br., Mangalore, 1873. The Devatadhyaya-Br., ibid., 1873. The Arsheya-Br., ibid., 1 876. The same with the text of the Jaiminiya school, ibid., 1878. The Samhito- panishad-Br. , ibid., 1877. All these texts, with the exception of the last, are accompanied by the commentary of Sayana. The Vamgabrahmana had been previously published by A. Weber in his ludische Stu- dien, t, iv. We owe, moreover, to Burnell the discovery of the Jaimi- niya-Br., of which he published a fragment under the title of " A Le- gend from the Talavakara or Jaimi- niyabrahmana of the Sama Veda," Mangalore, 1878.

4. The Yajur-Veda. {a.) The White Yajus : The White Yajur-Veda, edited by A. Weber, 3 vols. 4to, 1849-59, compre- hends: (i.) TheSamhita, the Vajasa- neyi-Sanhita in the Madhyandina, and the Kanva-Cakka, with the commentary of Mahidhara ; (2.) The Catapatha Brahmana, with Ex- tracts from the Commentaries ; (3.) The Crautasutras of Katyayana, with Extracts from the Commentaries. (&.) The Black Yajus : Die Tait- tiriya-Samhita, herausgegeben von A.Weber, 1871-72, forming vols. xi. and xii. of the ludische Studien. The Sanhita, of the Black Yajur-Veda, with the commentary of Madhava Acharya, Calcutta, i860. (Biblioth. Indica). The publication, which has reached vol. iv., comprehends nearly half of the text ; the editors have been successively E. Eoer, E. B. Cowell, Mahe9acandra Nyayara- tna. The Taittiriya Brahmana of the Black Yajur-Veda, with the commentary of Sayanacharya, ed- ited by Rajendralala Mitra, 3 vols. 8vo, Calcutta, 1859-70 (Biblioth, ludica). The Taittiriya Aranyaka of the Black Yajur-Veda, with the commentary of Sayanacharya, ed- ited by Rajendralala Mitra, Calcutta, 1872 (Biblioth. Indica). For the Upanishads, which are arranged in this literature in some few cases rightly, in the majority incorrectly, see infi-a.

1 That of the Cakalakas.

2 Besides the vulgate, edited by Roth and Whitney, that of the Paip- paladis, discovered recently at Kash- mir, see R. Roth, Der Atharvaveda in Kaschmir, 1875.

3 Besides the vulgate, which is that of the Kauthumas, those of the Ranayaniyas and of the Jaiminiyas. Of "a fourth, that of the Naigeyas, we have only fragments. See Bur- nell, Riktantravyakarana, p. xxvi. 4 Those of the Taittiriyas (pub- lished), of the K^thas (see A. We- ber's Indische Studien, iii. 45 1 ; Indische Literaturgeschichte, p. 97, 2d edition), of the Maitrayaniyas (see Haug, Brahma und die Brahmanen, 187 1, p. 31 ; A. Weber, Indische Studien, xiii. p. 1 17; L. Schroeder, Zeitschr. der Deutschen Morgenliind. Gesellsch., xxxiii. p. I77)-

5 Those of the Madhyandinas and of the Kanvas (published).