Page:The mammals of Australia Gould vol 3.djvu/105

 Geoff.

Hydromys chrysogaster, Geoff. Ann. Mus., tom. vi. p. 81. tab. 36. fig. A.—Gray, List of Mamm. in Coll. Brit. Mus., p. 121.

first specimens of Mammalia transmitted to Europe from Australia after the discovery of that country were from New South Wales and Van Diemen's Land; and among others the present animal attracted, at a very early period, the attention of the French naturalists, one of whom—the celebrated Geoffroy St. Hilaire—assigned to it the name of Hydroymys chrysogaster, a name very suitable to the animal from the localities above mentioned; similar Beaver-Rats are, however, universally spread over the whole of the southern portion of Australia, including the eastern and western confines of that continent; but the animals from each of these localities appear to me to be distinct species; and a most complete series of the whole of them being now before me, I think I shall be able to point out, in my account of each of them, characters of sufficient importance to be regarded as specific.

The present species may he distinguished from all its congeners by the bright golden colouring of the sides of the face, lips, throat, shoulders, flanks and belly, the darker colouring being confined to the crown of the head and the upper part of the hack only, whereas in two of the other species this dark colouring occupies so much of the upper part of the body as to include the shoulders and part of the fore arm; and, however near the whole of the species may assimilate in size, the present is the largest, as well as the one in which the colouring is the most contrasted and brilliant.

The native habitat of the Hydromys chrysogaster is New South Wales and Van Diemen's Land. It is strictly fluviatile in its habits, frequenting the muddy sides of creeks and water-holes, and the banks of the larger rivers and inlets of the sea. Rather shy in its disposition and nocturnal in its movements, it is not so often seen as might be supposed; at the same time it is by no means difficult to be procured when such an object is desirable. As might be inferred from the structure of its hind feet, the water is its native element; it swims and dives with the greatest facility, and easily secludes itself from view amidst the sedges lining the water's edge, or by descending to its hole after the manner of the common Water Vole of Europe. Like many other of the Australian Mammals, it reposes much on its hinder legs, in which position it may frequently be seen on large stones, snags of wood, or any other prominence near the water's edge.

Head, ears, back, outer surface of the hinder limbs, the portion of the body posterior to them and the base of the tail mingled black and buff, the former hue predominating; sides of the face, of the body, all the under surface and the inner side of all the limbs rich deep reddish orange; outer surface of the arms deep brown; upper surface of hinder feet pale glaucous buff, passing into brown on the tips of the toes; basal half of the tail black, apical half white.

The figures are somewhat smaller than life.