Page:The librarian's copyright companion, by James S. Heller, Paul Hellyer, Benjamin J. Keele, 2012.djvu/91

Chapter Five. The Library Exemption (Section 108)

Notice of Copyright

The third and final requirement imposed by subsection (a) is the copyright notice requirement:

First, understand that you may not always be able to find a formal copyright notice. The United States joined the Berne Convention in 1989, and works first published on or after March 1 of that year do not need the notice to be copyrighted. If a work qualifies for protection, it is copyrighted when it is created, whether or not it has the formal notice.

When you copy journal articles and the article itself includes a copyright notice, include it. If you are lucky, the copyright notice will appear on the first page of the article, either right after the author’s name or perhaps as a footnote. Unfortunately, many journal publishers do not include a