Page:The history of silk, cotton, linen, wool, and other fibrous substances 2.djvu/468

 [Greek: baktron, akêptron]); he is clothed in the blanket (pallium, [Greek: chlaina, tribôn]) with one end, which is covered, over his left breast, and another hanging behind over his left shoulder; he wears the beard (barba, [Greek: pôgôn]); his head is protected by the simple skull-cap (pileus, [Greek: pilos]). All these were distinct characteristics of the philosopher, and more especially of the Cynic . The dog also probably marked his sect. Leonidas of Tarentum, in his enumeration of the goods belonging to the Cynic Posochares, including a dog-collar ([Greek: kynouchon]), mentions, [Greek: kai pilon kephalas ouch osias skepanon], i. e. "The cap of felt, which covered his unholy head." This passage may be regarded as a proof, that among the Greeks, though not among the Romans, the cap of felt was worn by very poor men. It also proves that this cap, which was the fess of the modern Greeks, was worn by philosophers, and therefore throws light on a passage of Antiphanes (''ap. Athen.'' xii. 63. p. 545 a) describing a philosopher of a different character, who was very elegantly dressed, having a small cap of fine felt ([Greek: pilidiôn hapalon]), also a small white blanket, a beautiful tunic, and a neat stick. When Cleanthes advanced the doctrine, that the moon had the shape of a skull-cap ([Greek: piloeidê tô schêmati], Stobæi ''Ecl. Phys.'' 1. 27. p. 554, ed. Heeren), he probably intended to account for its phases from its supposed hemispherical form. A cap of a similar form and appearance, though perhaps larger and not so closely fitted to the crown of the head, was worn by fishermen . In an epigram of Philippus, describing the apparatus of a fisherman, the author mentions [Greek: pilon amphikrênon hydasissegê], "the cap encompassing his head and protecting it from wet." Figure 2. in Plate VIII. represents a small statue of a fisherman belonging to the Townley Collection in the British Museum. His cap is slightly pointed and in a degree, which was probably favorable to the discharge of water from its surface. Hesiod recommends, that agricultural laborers should wear the same defence from cold and showers (Op. et