Page:The history of medieval Europe.djvu/732

672

* Plough-Penny, 488
 * Plumbing, invention of, 337-38, 388, 587
 * Plurality, 588
 * Plutarch, 2, 38-39, 99, 597
 * Po River, 12, 17, 342
 * Podestà, 351-52, 354. 357, 577, 599
 * Podiebrad, George of, King of Bohemia, 558, 571, 615
 * Poema del Cid, 410
 * Poet laureate, 588
 * Poetics, of Aristotle, 22
 * Poetry, see Arabian, Literature, etc.
 * Poggio, 589
 * Poisoning, 268, 566, 578, 626, 635
 * Poitevins, 260
 * Poitiers, 179, 366, 376, 422; battle of, 517, 519-20, 522
 * Poitou, 272, 278, 457, 482, 494, 497, 508, 510, 518
 * Poland, 228, 263, 307, 336, 390, 453, 532, 544-47, 551-53, 556, 558, 561, 566, 568, 571
 * Police, 50, 188, 238, 484, 494
 * Politian, 590
 * Politics, 5, 24; and see Government
 * Politics, of Aristotle, 22
 * Poll taxes, 523-24
 * Polo brothers, 344, 394; and see Marco Polo
 * Polonius, 365
 * Polybius, 9, 18
 * Polygamy, 57, 172, 174-75, 188
 * Pomerania, 307, 546
 * Pomerelia, 544, 546
 * Pontifex Maximus, 95
 * Pontus Steppe, 53-54, 139, 229
 * Poor Brethren of the Hospital of St. John, see Hospitalers
 * Poor Catholics, 450
 * Poor Clares, 450
 * Poor priests, 563
 * Poor students, 392 ; and see Poverty
 * Popolo, 347, 577, 584
 * Population (including Depopulation and Overpopulation), of Roman Empire, 36, 58, 60, 67, 92; effect of invasions on, 119; of Byzantine Africa, 135; Constantinople, 149; Balkan peninsula, 151; Slavs, 139, 228; Cordova, 185; Scandinavia, 217; in feudal period, 236, 249, 301, 309, 312, 327, of medieval towns, 328, 334, 341, 367, 370; England and France, 367; effect of Black Death, 515; effect of Hundred Years War, 530; of Tabriz, 551; of Burgundian possessions, 617
 * Porphyry, 379
 * Portals, cathedral, 422, 428-29, 433


 * Portcullis, 248
 * Portolani, 395
 * Portrait painting and sculpture, 604-05
 * Portugal, 303-05, 323, 366, 394, 456, 566, 574, 608-14, 632-33, 637
 * Portuguese language, 399, 410
 * Postal service, 34, 141, 550
 * Poverty, 155, 175, 516-17, 562
 * Præmunire, Statute of, 518, 562
 * Presides, 71
 * Prætorian guards, 29, 69
 * Prætorian prefects, 71, 80
 * Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges, 573, 638
 * Prague, University of, 389, 552, 568; Archbishop of, 571; and see Jerome of Prague
 * Prato, 603
 * Preaching, 439, 443,446, 562-63,568-69, 634; of the friars, 449-51; and see Sermons
 * Precarium, 240-41
 * Predestination, 564
 * Pregadi, 581
 * Prehistoric period, 3-4
 * Premonstratensians, 298, 308
 * Prémontré, 298
 * Presbyter, 100
 * Presentation, right of, 282
 * Pressburg, Treaty of, 615
 * Prévôt, or provost, 268, 363, 492, 494
 * Prices, 70, 332-33, 336, 516, 603, 608
 * Priesthood, Oriental and Greek, 21; early German, 48-49; Roman, 95; Jewish, 98; Christian, 105, 439-41, 564
 * Primate, 296
 * Primogeniture, 241, 533
 * Prince, The, of Machiavelli, 578-80, 596, 635, 640
 * Prince of Wales, 488, 519; and see Black Prince
 * Printing, invention of, 16, 391, 587, 594-95
 * Priories, Cluniac, 281-82
 * Priors, Six, of Florence, 410, 584
 * Private war, 263, 520, 534, 538, 631; and see Feudalism
 * Privileged towns, 358, 363
 * Privileges, academic, 391; of crusaders, 323; and see Clergy
 * Privy Council, 492
 * Procopius, 130, 140, 145-46, 149, 153; and see Secret History
 * Prophecy, Hebrew, 98; early German, 46, 400; early Christian, 100-01; Mohammed and, 174-75; 549, 607, 635-36
 * Prose, earliest medieval, 399; sagas, 401; first French, 409; Spanish, 410; English, 563