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668

* Näfels, battle of, 542
 * Nancy, battle of, 621
 * Naples, 156, 216, 226, 341, 389. 565-66, 635; Kingdom of, 471-72, 553, 566-68, 586, 588, 593, 626, 634, 636
 * Napoleon, 129, 540
 * Narbonne, 82, 179, 272, 333, 357, 561, 568; Archbishop of, 273, 504
 * Narses, 129-32, 136, 138
 * Narthex, 146
 * Nassau, see Adolf of
 * Nationality, 212, 256, 260-61, 457, 472, 488, 490, 528, 530, 533, 566, 569, 612, 614-15, 622, 630, 633, 639; and see Government, growth of national
 * "Nations" in medieval universities, 389, 552; at the Council of Constance, 567-68
 * Natural history, 1
 * Natural History, of Pliny the Elder, 24
 * Natural law, 31
 * Natural science, see Science
 * Nature, in medieval literature, 400-01, 405, 408; in Renaissance art, 601-03; and see Landscape painting, Scenery
 * Navarre, 273, 304, 321, 366, 405, 410, 517, 520, 522, 566, 630, 637
 * Navas de Tolosa, battle of, 304, 453
 * Nave, 146, chap. xxii, 600
 * Navigation, see Shipping
 * Navigation laws of Venice, 345
 * Navy, see Shipping
 * Nebuchadnezzar, 110
 * Negro, a medieval, 360
 * Nemours, Duchy of, 625-26
 * Neo-Platonism, 64-65, 96, 106
 * Nepos, Roman Emperor, 86
 * Nepotism, papal, 463-64, 503, 506
 * Nestorians, 109, 133, 184, 195, 550
 * Netherlands, 15, 40, 340, 365, 512, 594, 616-18, 638
 * Neustria, 118, 168, 179, 192-94, 198, 213, 261
 * Nevers, County of, 525, 616
 * Neville's Cross, battle of, 514
 * New England, 223
 * Newfoundland, 223
 * New Monarchy, 629
 * New World, 610-12, 638
 * New York, 394
 * Nibelungenlied, 42, 46, 400-01, 415
 * Nicaea, 315-16; Councils of, 55, 105, 207
 * Niccola Pisano, 601-02
 * Nicholas II, Pope, 285-87, 302
 * Nicholas V, 573-74, 592
 * Nicomedia, 465
 * Nicopolis battle of 553, 556-57
 * Nika revolt, 132-33, 143
 * Nile River, 3, 20, 110, 138, 322, 608


 * Nimes, 90
 * Nimrod, 591
 * Noah, 114, 409
 * Nobility, 47, 52, 92, 94; of German invaders, 1 19-21, 123, 178; Arabian, 181, 189; Frankish, 193-94, 202-04; Anglo-Saxon, 222; in Germany, 287-90; of towns, 346-48, 354, 357; discussed by Dante, 411; Italian, 154, 160, 434, 578; English, 459; represented in Estates, 488; Scandinavian, 546; Bohemian, 569-72; Venetian, 581-82; Florentine, 584-85; passing of the medieval, 614, 616, 622-31; and see Feudalism, Barons, Lords, Counts, Dukes, Earls, Landgraves, Margraves, Marquis, etc.
 * Nocera, 566
 * Nogaret, 505
 * Nomads, Asiatic mounted, 55-59, 139-40, 216, 228, 301, 309, 548, 554; and see Avars, Bulgars, Huns, Magyars, Mongols, Turks
 * Nomads, of Arabia, 172, 176; and see Arabs
 * Nomads, of Sahara, 178, 328; and see Berbers, Moors
 * Nominalism, 379-80
 * Norbert, 298, 307
 * Noricum, 53, 79, 84, in, 136
 * Norman architecture, 422-23, 487
 * Norman conquest of England, 206, 223, 225, 246, 275-77, 398, 400, 483, 511
 * Norman conquest of Sicily and southern Italy, 225
 * Normandy, 206, 219, 225-26, 246, 256, 259, 270, 274-78, 292, 297-98, 314, 321, 329-31, 376, 378, 384, 406, 423, 457, 46o, 488, 494, 497, 501, 508-09, 513, 526-27, 530, 625-27
 * Norman French, 400
 * Normans, 219, 230-31, 286-87, 289, 291, 300-02, 314, 325, 343, 350, 352, 377, 383-84, 389, 406, 459, 461, 474, 480, 487, 633
 * North Cape, 223
 * North Mark, see Brandenburg
 * Northern race, 10, 42
 * Northmen, 202, 212, 216-26, 232-33, 239, 275-76, 301, 327, 369, 395, 397, 474; and see Danes, Normans, Scandinavians, Swedes
 * North Sea, 12, 17, 40, 88, 213, 218, 226, 275, 369, 543, 617, 620
 * Northumbria, Kingdom of, 166-69; 220; Earldom of, 276
 * Norway, 12, 40, 42, 218, 270, 275-76, 395, 532, 543, 546