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654

* Ecclesiastical courts, see Church courts
 * Ecclesiastical History, of Bede, 159, 168, 171
 * Ecclesiastical States, 264, 269, 467, 534. 618
 * Economic conditions, 5; Roman, 30-31, 33-37, 39, 66, 70-71; medieval, 123, 203, 212, 217-18, 312, 469, 572, 576, 587, 594, 614, 616, 631-33; and see Business, Capital, Commerce, Industry, Interest, etc.
 * Eddas, 42, 46, 217, 400
 * Eden, Garden of, 413
 * Edessa, 316, 318, 320
 * Edgar the Peaceful, King of England, 221, 275
 * Edict of Theodoric, 122
 * Edmund, son of Henry III of England, 470, 482
 * Edrisi, 382-84, 393-94
 * Education, American, 7; Spartan, 25; of Mithridates, 54; of Augustine, 96, 114; early Christian, 113; early medieval, 124, 133; of Justin and Justinian, 128; of a Gothic prince, 136; of Gregory the Great, 154; monastic, 163-64; moral, by Penitentials, 169; Mohammedan, 181, 185, 188; Charlemagne and, 210, 214-15; feudal, 252; at Cluny, 281; of Gregory VII, 286; Cistercians and, 298; crusades and, 324; medieval, 374-92; by vernacular literature, 408; of Dante, 411; of Frederick II, 468; of Philip Augustus, 493; of St. Louis, 495; of his children, 496; of William Langland, 516; of Joan of Arc, 527, 529; of Spanish clergy, 574; of the Italian Renaissance, 592; effect of printing on, 594; of Charles V, 638; and see Learning, Universities
 * Edward the Confessor, King of England, 275-76, 474
 * Edward I, King of England, 483-89, 499, 503-04, 511, 538
 * Edward II, 484-85, 488-89, 499
 * Edward III, 484-85, 511-14, 517-18, 525, 563, 628
 * Edward IV, 511, 530, 618, 621, 628-30
 * Egbert, King of the West Saxons, 202, 220
 * Egypt, 3, 19-23, 28-29, 34-35, 60-61, 03-64, 70; Christian, 109-10, 149-51 Mohammedan, 177-78, 180, 183-84, 190, 318, 321-22, 358, 365, 549, 557, 609; modern, 191; and see Coptic
 * Einhard, 199, 209
 * Elbe River, II, 17, 202, 209, 216 218, 228, 305, 307, 398
 * Eleanor, Duchess of Aquitaine, 278, 457, 492


 * Elections, of early German kings, 49; ecclesiastical, 120, 134, 291-92, 295, 456-59, 463, 471, 573; papal, 207-08, 285-87, 299, 352, 434, 503, 505-06, 565-68; imperial, 290, 462, 532-33, 537-40, 615; of doge of Venice, 342, 344; of other Italian magistracies, 347, 581-85; in towns north of the Alps, 357, 365, 370; of kings in Scandinavia and central Europe, 488-89, 546, 551-53, 571, 615
 * Electors, Seven, 532-33, 538
 * Elements, 63, 379, 388
 * Ely Cathedral, 423
 * Emancipation, 67, 187, 255, 327-31, 335, 344, 347, 352, 358, 361, 370, 372, 516
 * Emir, 180, 318, 321
 * Emperor worship, 29-30, 62, 72, 103, 106, 115, 435
 * Empires, see Alexander the Great, Attila, Byzantine, Charlemagne, Frankish, Holy Roman, Latin, Mohammedan, Mongol, Roman
 * Enamels, Byzantine, 147; of Limoges,
 * 366
 * Encyclopaedias, 24, 125, 148
 * Engineering, Roman, 32, 35; Byzantine, 185; Renaissance, 605-06
 * England, 12, 16, 29; early history, 85, 159-60, 164, 167, 202, 206, 210, 220-23, 225-26; feudal, 235, 241-42, 246, 261, 270, 274-78, 283, 287, 292-93, 295, 297-98, 312, 314, 321; towns and, 328, 330-31, 336, 352, 358, 366-68; medieval civilization in, 383-84, 387, 389, 398-400, 406, 409, 423, 430; national development, 434, 436, 444, 448, 450, 457-60, 466, 470, 472, chap. xxv, 490, 492-501, 503, 506, 508, chap. xxvii, 532-33, 537, 543-44, 556, 560, 562-63, 565-66, 568, 593, 595, 609, 612, 614, 618, 623, 627-30, 632-34, 637, 639-40; and see Britain
 * English Channel, 12, 166, 226, 267, 297, 475, 487, 5H, 530
 * English language, 7, 222, 399, 474, 563
 * English literature, 400, 487, 516; and see Anglo-Saxon
 * Entertainment, right of, 243
 * Enzio, 470
 * Ephesus, "Robber Council" of, 108
 * Ephthalites, 140
 * Epic poetry, 400-01, 406-07