Page:The history of medieval Europe.djvu/704

644

* 17; of communes, 347, 363, 494; papal, 469; of Edward III, 513; defeats of feudal armies, 488, 499, 514; French, 527-29, 623, 629, 636,
 * 639; Mongol, 550-51; Turkish, 554; Florentine, 590; imperial, 615 ; Swiss,
 * 621, 638; Spanish, 631; and see Knights, Mercenaries
 * Arnulf, Bishop of Metz, I93~94
 * Arnulf, King of the East Franks, 227, 261-62
 * Arras, 364, 366; Treaty of, 529
 * Art, and archæology, 4; geography and, 12; Roman, 62; classical, 423-24;
 * early Christian, 92, 112-13, 116; early medieval, 125-26; Scandinavian, 225; medieval, 324-25, 332, 339, 369, 397, 434, 474, 482, 515, 521; Renaissance, 576, 587, 591, 597-607, 613, 626, 634, 636; and see Architecture, Painting, Sculpture. Greek, Byzantine
 * Artevelde, Jacob van, 512-13, 521
 * Artevelde, Philip van, 524
 * Arthur, King, 406-07
 * Arthur, nephew of King John of England, 457
 * Arthurian romances, 406-07, 409, 415
 * Arti, 348; and see Gilds
 * Artillery, 623
 * Artisans, revolts of Flemish, 498-99, 524, 618; and see Gilds
 * Artois, 364, 488, 497, 501, 525, 616, 626, 634
 * Aryans, 10, 21, 42; and see Indo-Europeans
 * Asceticism, Neo-Platonic, 65; early Christian, 100, 109-12, 154; of St. Louis, 495; and see Monasticism
 * Asia and Asiatics, 15, 34, 55~56, 58-60, 71, 109, 114, 149, 151, 189-90, 216, 228, 233, 301, 309, 315, 548, 554, 610; Roman province of, 68; relations of western, to eastern Europe, 10-12, 22, 53, 55, 556; medieval penetration of, 393-94, 515, 550; and see Nomads
 * Asia Minor, 19-20, 23, 34, 60-61, 79, 86-87, 150, 177, 190, 309, 311, 313-
 * 18,320-21,324-25,357,405,554,556
 * Aspar, 86
 * Assemblies, popular or national, in the ancient city-state, 26; early German, 48; Roman, 60; Frankish, 194, 202; Bavarian, 264; Venetian, 343; in towns of southern France, 357; of Patrimony of St. Peter, 464; English, 479; medieval representative, 488-90; French, 511; German, 536; and see Cortes, Diet, Estates, Parliament
 * Asses, Feast of, 415
 * Assisi, 448-49
 * Assizes, 476


 * Assizes of Jerusalem, 319
 * Assonanced verse, 402
 * Assyria, 22
 * Astrology, 23, 69, 96-97, 102, 106, 183, 384, 387-88, 614
 * Astronomy, 23, 124, 189, 378-79, 386, 609, 611
 * Asturias, 273, 304
 * Ataulf, King of the West Goths, 81-82
 * Athanaric, 55
 * Athanasius, in
 * Athens, 36, 65, 79, 92, 134, 211, 380, 558; Duchy of, 466
 * Athletics, 25, 392, 592
 * Atlantic, 23, 118, 183, 188, 304-05, 608-09, 612, 633
 * Atomic theory, 22, 388
 * Attabi stuffs, 185
 * Attalus, Roman Emperor, 81-82
 * Attila, 84-85, 87, 117, 401
 * Aucassin et Nicolette, 409, 415
 * Augsburg, 369, 532
 * Augustine, St., Bishop of Hippo, 65, chap. vi, 154, 157, 298, 381, 416, 442
 * Augustine, St., Archbishop of Canterbury, 164
 * Augustinian Order and Rule, 96, 298, 451
 * Augustus, imperial title, 71, 208, 493
 * Augustus, Caesar, 28, 35, 98
 * Aurelian, Roman Emperor, 70, 72
 * Auricular confession, 440, 563
 * Ausculta fili charissime, 504
 * Austin canons, see Augustinian
 * Austrasia, 118, 166, 168, 179, 192-94, 261
 * Austria, 15, 307, 537-40, 542, 553, 568, 615-16, 621, 632, 638
 * Austria-Hungary, 40, 537
 * Authorities, trust in, 382-83, 385
 * Auvergne, 267, 272, 313, 375, 438, 492, 497, 5io
 * Avars, 58, 140, 150-51, 154, 199-200, 227-28; Avarian Mark, 203
 * Averroes, 385
 * Avicenna, 385
 * Avignon, 506, 541, 560-61, 566-67, 575
 * Avranches, 298
 * Azores Islands, 314
 * Azov, Sea of, 229, 550
 * Baal, worship of, 64
 * Babylon, 20-22, 70, 103, 184, 336
 * Babylonia, 176-77
 * Babylonian Captivity, 560
 * Bacchus, 392
 * Bacon, Roger, 388-89, 451, 590
 * Bacon, Roger, 388-89, 451, 590