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 THE PAPACY AND ITS OPPONENTS 575 EXERCISES AND READINGS The Defensor Pacis. Robinson, Readings in European History, vol. 1, pp. 491-97. 1 . Select what seem to you the ten most important assertions or argu- ments in these extracts. 2. In which of his positions and statements does Marsiglio seem to you to be in advance of his age, and in which is he representative of his times? Give your reasons. Louis the Bavarian and the Avignon Popes. Lodge, The Close of the Middle Ages, chap, v, pp. 98-108. Wyclif. Hunt and Poole, Political History of England, vol. iv, pp. 68-80 and 102-113. The Great Schism. Thatcher and McNeal, Source Book for Medieval History selections 167 and 168 (pp. 325-27). The Hussite Wars and the Council of Basel. Lodge, The Close of the Middle Ages, chap, xii, pp. 222-42. Comparison of Parallel Passages. Use the works by Creighton and Pastor, on the history of the Pa- pacy from its residence at Avignon to the beginning of the sixteenth century. Take passages in the two works which apply to the same topic, as their chapters upon the popes at Avignon, and note in what points they agree and disagree, and what facts or general statements made by one are omitted by the other. What do you infer as to the sympathies, reliability, and impartiality of the two men?