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literature, but reveals plainly that they owe their origin directly or indirectly to the powerful influence of a single commanding personality.

As to the manner of teaching medicine, the Hippocratic writings show that, at the time which is here under consideration, the mystical features had almost completely disappeared. The science was now taught by regular instructors, who agreed for a stipulated fee to take charge of the pupil's entire training from the beginning to the end of the course. Candidates who were in delicate health were discouraged from entering upon the career of a physician, and those who had completed the regular course of instruction were sent out into the world equipped with certain general principles for their future guidance in actual practice. Some of these bear a close resemblance to the principles of a similar nature which had been established at a much earlier period in India. For example, the importance of cleanliness of the person is strongly emphasized. Reticence, as well as courtesy, is classed as one of the virtues of a good physician.

He who acts hastily and does not take sufficient time for consideration is sure to be criticised unfavorably. If he breaks out too readily into laughter he will be thought uncultivated.

In another of the Hippocratic writings the physician is urged not to indulge in too much small talk, but to confine his conversation as much as possible to matters relating to the treatment of the disorder.

In his business dealings the physician, like a genuine philosopher, should not display a greed for money, he should assume a modest and dignified attitude, he should appear quiet and calm, and his speech should be simple and straightforward and free from all superstition.

For their knowledge of human anatomy the physicians of that period were obliged to depend on the dissection of animals. Specimens of human bones were of course easily accessible, and consequently the descriptions which are