Page:The grammar of English grammars.djvu/811

 same case; §61, as, Alexander is a student."&mdash;Bullions, E. Gram., p. 75. "When the objective is a relative or interrogative, it comes before the verb that governs it. §40, R. 9. (Murray's 6th rule is unnecessary.)"&mdash;Id., ib., p. 90. "It is generally improper (except in poetry,) to omit the antecedent to a relative; and always to omit a relative when of the nominative case."&mdash;Id., ib., p. 130. "In every sentence there must be a verb and a nominative (or subject) expressed or understood."&mdash;Id., ib., p. 87; Pract. Lessons, p. 91. "Nouns and pronouns, and especially words denoting time, are often governed by prepositions understood; or are used to restrict verbs or adjectives without a governing word, §50. Rem. 6 and Rule; as, He gave (to) me a full account of the whole affair."&mdash;Bullions, E. Gram., p. 80. "When should is used instead of ought, to express present duty, §20, 4, it may be followed by the present; as, 'You should study that you may become learned.'"&mdash;Id., ib., p. 123. "The indicative present is frequently used after the words, when, till, before, as soon as, after, to express the relative time of a future action; (§24, I, 4,) as, 'When he comes, he will be welcome.'"&mdash;Id., ib., p. 124. "The relative is parsed by stating its gender, number, case, and antecedent, (the gender and number being always the same as those of the antecedent) thus, 'The boy who.' &lsquo;Who&rsquo; is a relative pronoun, masculine, singular, the nominative, and refers to &lsquo;boy&rsquo; as its antecedent."&mdash;Bullions, Pract. Les., p. 31. "Now, now, I seize, I clasp thy charms,   And now you burst; ah! cruel from my arms." Here is an unnecessary change from the second person singular to the second plural. It would have been better thus, "Now, now I seize, I clasp your charms,   And now you burst; ah! cruel from my arms." &mdash;J. Burn's Gram., p. 193.

There are also several other marks, which are occasionally used for various purposes, as follow: [’] The usually denotes either the possessive case of a noun, or the elision of one or more letters of a word: as, &ldquo;The girl’s regard to her parents’ advice;&rdquo;&mdash;’gan, lov’d, e’en, thro’; for began, loved, even, through. It is sometimes used in pluralizing a mere letter or sign; as, Two a’s&mdash;three 6’s. [-] The connects the parts of many compound words, especially such as have two accents; as, ever-living. It is also frequently inserted where a word is divided into syllables; as, con-tem-plate. Placed at the end of a line, it shows that one or more syllables of a word are carried forward to the next line. [&uml;] The, or , placed over either of two contiguous vowels, shows that they are not a diphthong; as, Danäe, aërial. [&acute;] The marks the syllable which requires the principal stress in pronunciation; as, e'qual, equal'ity. It is sometimes used in opposition to the grave accent, to distinguish a close or short vowel; as, "Fáncy:" (Murray:) or to denote the rising inflection of the voice; as, "Is it hé?" [`] The is used in opposition to the acute, to distinguish an open or long vowel; as, "Fàvour:" (Murray:) or to denote the falling inflection of the voice; as, "Yès; it is hè" It is sometimes placed over a vowel to show that it is not to be suppressed in pronunciation; as, "Let me, though in humble speech, Thy refinèd maxims teach."&mdash;''Amer. Review'', May, 1848. [^] The generally denotes either the broad sound of a or an unusual sound given to some other vowel; as in âll, hêir, machîne. Some use it to mark a peculiar wave of the voice, and when occasion requires, reverse it; as, "If you said sŏ, then I said sô." ˘ The, or , is used to denote either the close, short, shut sound of a vowel, or a syllable of short quantity; as, lĭve, to have life,&mdash;răv'en, to devour, &mdash;călămŭs, a reed.