Page:The grammar of English grammars.djvu/802

 expression thus: "We shall consider these words, 1st, as expressing resolution; and, 2dly, as expressing futurity." "From whence the inference is plain,   Your friend MAT PRIOR wrote with pain." &mdash;LLOYD: B. P., Vol. viii, p. 188.
 * 1) Names vulgarly shortened, then written as they are spoken, are not commonly marked with a period; as, Ben for Benjamin. "O RARE BEN JOHNSON!"&mdash;Biog. Dict.

IMPROPRIETIES FOR CORRECTION.
FALSE PUNCTUATION.&mdash;ERRORS CONCERNING THE PERIOD.

UNDER RULE I.&mdash;DISTINCT SENTENCES.
"The third person is the position of the name spoken of; as, Paul and Silas were imprisoned, the earth thirsts, the sun shines."&mdash;Frazee's Gram., 1st Ed., p. 21; Ster. Ed., p. 23.

[.&mdash;Not proper, because three totally distinct sentences are here thrown together as examples, with no other distinction than what is made by two commas. But, according to Rule 1st for the Period, "When a sentence, whether long or short, is complete in respect to sense, and independent in respect to construction, it should be marked with the period." Therefore, these commas should be periods; and, of course, the first letter of each example must be a capital.]

"Two and three and four make nine; if he were here, he would assist his father and mother, for he is a dutiful son; they live together, and are happy, because they enjoy each other's society; they went to Roxbury, and tarried all night, and came back the next day."&mdash;Goldsbury's Parsing Lessons in his Manual of E. Gram., p. 64.

"We often resolve, but seldom perform; she is wiser than her sister; though he is often advised, yet he does not reform; reproof either softens or hardens its object; he is as old as his classmates, but not so learned; neither prosperity, nor adversity, has improved him; let him that standeth, take heed lest he fall; he can acquire no virtue, unless he make some sacrifices."&mdash;Ibid. "Down from his neck, with blazing gems array'd,   Thy image, lovely Anna! hung portray'd,    Th' unconscious figure, smiling all serene,    Suspended in a golden chain was seen,"&mdash;S. Barrett's E. Gr., p. 92.

UNDER RULE II.&mdash;ALLIED SENTENCES.
"This life is a mere prelude to another, which has no limits, it is a little portion of duration. As death leaves us, so the day of judgment will find us."&mdash;Merchant's School Gram., p. 76.

[.&mdash;Not proper, because the pause after limits, which is sufficient for the period, is marked only by the comma. But, according to Rule 2d, "The period is often employed between two sentences which have a general connexion, expressed by a personal pronoun, a conjunction, or a conjunctive adverb." It would improve the passage, to omit the first comma, change the second to a period, and write the pronoun it with a capital. Judgment also might be bettered with an e, and another is properly two words.]

"He went from Boston to New York; he went from Boston; he went to New York; in walking across the floor, he stumbled over a chair."&mdash;Goldsbury's Manual of E. Gram., p. 62.

"I saw him on the spot, going along the road, looking towards the house; during the heat of the day, he sat on the ground, under the shade of a tree."&mdash;Id., ib.

"George came home, I saw him yesterday, here; the word him, can extend only to the individual George"&mdash;S. Barrett's E. Gram., 10th Ed., p. 45.

"Commas are often used now, where parentheses were formerly; I cannot, however, esteem this an improvement."&mdash;See the Key. "Thou, like a sleeping, faithless sentinel   Didst let them pass unnoticed, unimproved,    And know, for that thou slumb'rest on the guard,    Thou shalt be made to answer at the bar    For every fugitive." &mdash;Hallock's Gram., p. 222; Enfield's Sp., p. 380.

UNDER RULE III.&mdash;OF ABBREVIATIONS.
"The term pronoun (Lat pronomen) strictly means a word used for, or instead of a noun."&mdash;Bullions, E. Gram., p. 198.

[.&mdash;Not proper, because the syllable here put for the word Latin, is not marked with a period. But, according to Rule 3d, "The period is generally used after abbreviations, and very often to the exclusion of other points; but, as in this case it is not a constant sign of pause, other points may properly follow it, if the words written in full would demand them." In this instance, a period should mark the abbreviation, and a comma be set after of. By analogy, in stead is also more properly two words than one.]

"The period is also used after abbreviations; as, A. D. P. S. G. W. Johnson."&mdash;''Butler's Pract. Gram.'', p. 211. "On this principle of classification, the later Greek grammarians divided words into eight classes or parts of speech, viz: the Article, Noun, Pronoun, Verb, Participle, Adverb, Preposition, and Conjunction."&mdash;Bullions, E. Gram., p. 191.

"&lsquo;Metre is not confined to verse: there is a tune in all good prose; and Shakspeare's was a sweet one.&rsquo;&mdash;Epea Pter, II, 61. Mr. H. Tooke's idea was probably just, agreeing with Aristotle's, but not accurately expressed."&mdash;Churchill's New Gram., p. 385.

"Mr. J. H. Tooke was educated at Eton and at Cambridge, in which latter college he took the degree of A. M; being intended for the established church of England, he entered into holy