Page:The grammar of English grammars.djvu/797

 been usually divided into four parts, viz: Orthography, Etymology, Syntax and Prosody."&mdash;Nutting's Gram., p. 13.  "In (ing) it ends, when doing is express'd,    In d, t, n, when suffering's confess'd."        &mdash;Brightland's Gram., p. 93.
 * 1) "Temperance leads to happiness, intemperance to misery."&mdash;Hiley's Gram., p. 137 Hart's, 180.
 * 2) "A friend exaggerates a man's virtues, an enemy his crimes."&mdash;Hiley's Gram., p. 137
 * 3) "A friend exaggerates a man's virtues: an enemy his crimes."&mdash;Murray's Gram., 8vo., p. 325
 * 4) "Many writers use a plural noun after the second of two numeral adjectives, thus, 'The first and second pages are torn.'"&mdash;Bullions, E. Gram., 5th Ed., p. 145
 * 5) "Of these, the Latin has six, the Greek, five, the German, four, the Saxon, six, the French, three, &c."&mdash;Id., ib., p. 196.

MIXED EXAMPLES OF ERROR.

"In old books i is often used for j, v for u, vv for w, and ii or ij for y."&mdash;Hart's E. Gram., p. 22. "The forming of letters into words and syllables is also called Spelling."&mdash;Ib., p. 21. "Labials are formed chiefly by the lips, dentals by the teeth, palatals by the palate, gutturals by the throat, nasals by the nose, and linguals by the tongue."&mdash;Ib., p. 25. "The labials are p, b, f, v; the dentals t, d, s, z; the palatals g soft and j; the gutturals k, q, and c and g hard; the nasals m and n; and the linguals l and r."&mdash;Ib., p. 25. "Thus, 'the man having finished his letter, will carry it to the post office.'"&mdash;Ib., p. 75. "Thus, in the sentence 'he had a dagger concealed under his cloak,' concealed is passive, signifying being concealed; but in the former combination, it goes to make up a form, the force of which is active."&mdash;Ib., p. 75. "Thus, in Latin, 'he had concealed the dagger' would be &lsquo;pugionem abdiderat;&rsquo; but 'he had the dagger concealed' would be &lsquo;pugionem abditum habebat.&rsquo;"&mdash; Ib., p. 75. "Here, for instance, means 'in this place,' now, 'at this time,' &c."&mdash;Ib., p. 90. "Here when both declares the time of the action, and so is an adverb, and also connects the two verbs, and so is a conjunction."&mdash;Ib., p. 91. "These words were all no doubt originally other parts of speech, viz.: verbs, nouns, and adjectives."&mdash;Ib., p. 92. "The principal parts of a sentence are the subject, the attribute, and the object, in other words the nominative, the verb, and the objective."&mdash; Ib., p. 104. "Thus, the adjective is connected with the noun, the adverb with the verb or adjective, pronouns with their antecedents, &c."&mdash;Ib., p. 104. "Between refers to two, among to more than two."&mdash;Ib., p. 120. "At is used after a verb of rest, to after a verb of motion."&mdash;Ib., p. 120. "Verbs are of three kinds, Active, Passive, and Neuter."&mdash;Lennie's Gram., p. 19; Bullions, Prin., 2d Ed., p. 29 "Verbs are divided into two classes: Transitive and Intransitive."&mdash;Hendrick's Gram., p. 28 "The Parts of Speech in the English language are nine, viz. The Article, Noun, Adjective, Pronoun, Verb, Adverb, Preposition. Interjection and Conjunction."&mdash;''Bullions, Prin. of E. Gram., p. 7 "Of these the Noun, Pronoun, and Verb are declined, the rest are indeclinable."&mdash;Id., ib., p. 7; Practical Lessons, p. 9. "The first expression is called the 'Active form.' The second the 'Passive form.'"&mdash;Welds Gram.'', 2d Ed., p. 83; Abridged, p. 66. "O 'tis a godlike privilege to save,   And he that scorns it is himself a slave."&mdash;Cowper, Vol. i., p. 123

SECTION III.&mdash;THE COLON.
The Colon is used to separate those parts of a compound sentence, which are neither so closely connected as those which are distinguished by the semicolon, nor so little dependent as those which require the period.

RULE I.&mdash;ADDITIONAL REMARKS.
When the preceding clause is complete in itself, but is followed by some additional remark or illustration, especially if no conjunction is used, the colon is generally and properly inserted: as, "Avoid evil doers: in such society, an honest man may become ashamed of himself."&mdash;"See that moth fluttering incessantly round the candle: man of pleasure, behold thy image!"&mdash;Art of Thinking, p. 94. "Some things we can, and others we cannot do: we can walk, but we cannot fly."&mdash;Beanie's Moral Science, p. 112. "Remember Heav'n has an avenging rod:   To smite the poor, is treason against God."&mdash;Cowper.

RULE II.&mdash;GREATER PAUSES.
When the semicolon has been introduced, or when it must be used in a subsequent member, and a still greater pause is required within the period, the colon should be employed: as, "Princes have courtiers, and merchants have partners; the voluptuous have companions, and the wicked have accomplices: none but the virtuous can have friends."&mdash;"Unless the truth of our religion be granted, a Christian must be