Page:The grammar of English grammars.djvu/796



UNDER RULE I.&mdash;OF COMPLEX MEMBERS.
"The buds spread into leaves, and the blossoms swell to fruit, but they know not how they grow, nor who causes them to spring up from the bosom of the earth."&mdash;Day's E. Gr., p. 72.

[.&mdash;Not proper, because the two chief members which compose this period, are separated only by the comma after "fruit." But, according to Rule 1st for the Semicolon, "When two or more complex members, or such clauses as require the comma in themselves, are constructed into a period, they are generally separated by the semicolon." Therefore, the pause after "fruit" should be marked by a semicolon.]

"But he used his eloquence chiefly against Philip, king of Macedon, and, in several orations, he stirred up the Athenians to make war against him."&mdash;Bullions, E. Gram., p. 84. "For the sake of euphony, the n is dropped before a consonant, and because most words begin with a consonant, this of course is its more common form.'"&mdash;Ib., p. 192. "But if I say 'Will a man be able to carry this burden?' it is manifest the idea is entirely changed, the reference is not to number, but to the species, and the answer might be 'No; but a horse will.'"&mdash;Ib., p. 193. "In direct discourse, a noun used by a speaker or writer to designate himself, is said to be of the first person&mdash;used to designate the person addressed, it is said to be of the second person, and when used to designate a person or thing spoken of, it is said to be of the third person."&mdash;Ib., p. 195. "Vice stings us, even in our pleasures, but virtue consoles us, even in our pains."&mdash;Day's Gram., p. 84. "Vice is infamous though in a prince, and virtue honorable though in a peasant."&mdash;Ib., p. 72. "Every word that is the name of a person or thing, is a Noun, because 'A noun is the name of any person, place, or thing.'"&mdash;''Bullions, Pract. Les.'', p. 83. "This is the sword, with which he did the deed,   And that the shield by which he was defended."&mdash;Bucke's Gram., p. 56.

UNDER RULE II.&mdash;OF SIMPLE MEMBERS.
"A deathlike paleness was diffused over his countenancee [sic&mdash;KTH], a chilling terror convulsed his frame; his voice burst out at intervals into broken accents."&mdash;Principles of Eloquence, p. 73.

[.&mdash;Not proper, because the first pause in this sentence is not marked by a suitable point. But, according to Rule 2d for the Semicolon, "When two or more simple members, or such clauses as complete their sense without subdivision, are constructed into a period; if they require a pause greater than that of the comma, they are usually separated by the semicolon." Therefore, the comma after "countenance" should be changed to a semicolon.]

"The Lacedemonians never traded&mdash;they knew no luxury&mdash;they lived in houses built of rough materials&mdash;they lived at public tables&mdash;fed on black broth, and despised every thing effeminate or luxurious."&mdash;Whelpley's Lectures, p. 167. "Government is the agent. Society is the principal."&mdash;Wayland's Moral Science, 1st Ed., p. 377. "The essentials of speech were anciently supposed to be sufficiently designated by the Noun and the Verb, to which was subsequently added, the Conjunction"&mdash;Bullions, E. Gram., p. 191. "The first faint gleamings of thought in its mind are but the reflections from the parents' own intellect,&mdash;the first manifestations of temperament are from the contagious parental fountain,&mdash;the first aspirations of soul are but the warmings and promptings of the parental spirit."&mdash;Jocelyn's Prize Essay, p. 4. "Older and oldest refer to maturity of age, elder and eldest to priority of right by birth. Farther and farthest denote place or distance: Further and furthest, quantity or addition."&mdash;Bullions, E. Gram., p. 148. "Let the divisions be natural, such as obviously suggest themselves to the mind, and as may aid your main design, and be easily remembered."&mdash;Goldsbury's Manual of Gram., p. 91. "Gently make haste, of labour not afraid:   A hundred times consider what you've said."&mdash;Dryden's Art of Poetry.

UNDER RULE III.&mdash;OF APPOSITION, &c.
[.&mdash;Not proper, because the colon after the word "classes," is not the most suitable sign of the pause required. But according to Rule 3d for the Semicolon, "Words in apposition, in disjunct pairs, or in any other construction if they require a pause greater than that of the comma, and less than that of the colon, maybe separated by the semicolon." In this case, the semicolon should have been preferred to the colon.]
 * 1) "Adjectives are divided into two classes: Adjectives denoting quality, and Adjectives denoting number."&mdash;Frost's Practical Gram., p. 31.
 * 1) "There are two classes of adjectives&mdash;qualifying adjectives, and limiting adjectives."&mdash;Butler's Practical Gram., p. 33.
 * 2) "There are three Genders, the Masculine, the Feminine, and the Neuter."&mdash; Frost's Pract. Gram., p. 51; Hiley's Gram., p. 12; Alger's, 16; S. Putnam's, 14: Murray's, 8vo, 37; and others.
 * 3) "There are three genders: the, the , and the ."&mdash;Murray's Gram., 12mo. p. 39; Jaudon's, 25.
 * 4) "There are three genders: The Masculine, the Feminine, and the Neuter."&mdash;Hendrick's Gram., p. 15.
 * 5) "The Singular denotes, and the Plural ."&mdash;Hart's Gram., p. 40.
 * 6) "There are three Cases viz., the Nominative, the Possessive, and the Objective"&mdash;Hendrick's Gram., p. 7.
 * 7) "Nouns have three cases, the nominative, the possessive, and the objective."&mdash; Kirkham's Gram., p. 41.
 * 8) "In English, nouns have three cases&mdash;the nominative, the possessive, and the objective."&mdash;R. C. Smith's New Gram., p. 47.
 * 9) "Grammar is divided into four parts, namely,, , , ."&mdash;Ib., p. 41.
 * 10) "It is divided into four parts, viz., , , and ."&mdash;L. Murray's Grammars all; T. Smith's Gram., p. 5.
 * 11) "It is divided into four parts: viz. Orthography&mdash;Etymology&mdash;Syntax&mdash;Prosody."&mdash;Bucke's Gram., p. 3.
 * 12) "It is divided into four parts, namely, Orthography. Etymology, Syntax and Prosody."&mdash;Day's Gram., p. 5.
 * 13) "It is divided into four parts: viz. Orthography, Etymology, Syntax and Prosody."&mdash;Hendrick's Gram., p. 11.
 * 14) "Grammar is divided into four parts: viz. Orthography, Etymology. Syntax and Prosody."&mdash;Chandler's Gram., p, 13.
 * 15) "It is divided into four parts: Orthography, Etymology, Syntax, and Prosody."&mdash;Cooper's Pl. and Pract. Gram., p. 1; Frost's Pract. Gram., 19.
 * 16) "English grammar has