Page:The grammar of English grammars.djvu/786

 w when to be simple."&mdash;Jamieson's Rhet., p. 151. "To confess the truth, I was much in fault."&mdash;Murray's Gram.'', p. 271.  "The Governor of all&mdash;has interposed, Not seldom, his avenging arm, to smite The injurious trampler upon nature's law."&mdash;Cowper.

RULE XI.&mdash;PARTICIPLES.
Participles, when something depends on them, when they have the import of a dependent clause, or when they relate to something understood, should, with their adjuncts, he set off by the comma; as, Lingering and list'ning wander'd down the vale."&mdash;Beattie''.
 * 1) "Law is a rule of civil conduct, prescribed by the supreme power in a state, commanding what is right, and prohibiting what is wrong."&mdash;: Beattie's Moral Science, p. 346.
 * 2) "Young Edwin, ''lighted by the evening star,
 * 1) "United, we stand; divided, we fall."&mdash;Motto.
 * 2) "Properly speaking, there is no such thing as chance."

EXCEPTION.&mdash;PARTICIPLES RESTRICTIVE.
When a participle immediately follows its noun, and is taken in a restrictive sense, the comma should not be used before it; as, "A man renown'd for repartee,   Will seldom scruple to make free    With friendship's finest feeling."&mdash;Cowper.

RULE XII.&mdash;ADVERBS.
Adverbs, when they break the connexion of a simple sentence, or when they have not a close dependence on some particular word in the context, should, with their adjuncts, be set off by the comma; as, "We must not, however, confound this gentleness with the artificial courtesy of the world."&mdash;"Besides, the mind must be employed."&mdash;Gilpin. "Most unquestionably, no fraud was equal to all this."&mdash;Lyttelton. "But, unfortunately for us, the tide was ebbing already." "When buttress and buttress, alternately,   Seem framed of ebon and ivory."&mdash;Scott's Lay, p. 33.

RULE XIII.&mdash;CONJUNCTIONS.
Conjunctions, when they are separated from the principal clauses that depend on them, or when they introduce examples, are generally set off by the comma; as, "But, by a timely call upon Religion, the force of Habit was eluded."&mdash;Johnson. "They know the neck that joins the shore and sea,   Or, ah! how chang'd that fearless laugh would be."&mdash;Crabbe.

RULE XIV.&mdash;PREPOSITIONS.
Prepositions and their objects, when they break the connexion of a simple sentence, or when they do not closely follow the words on which they depend, are generally set off by the comma; as, "Fashion is, for the most part, nothing but the ostentation of riches."&mdash;"By reading, we add the experience of others to our own." "In vain the sage, with retrospective eye,   Would from th' apparent What conclude the Why."&mdash;Pope.

RULE XV.&mdash;INTERJECTIONS.
Interjections that require a pause, though more commonly emphatic and followed by the ecphoneme, are sometimes set off by the comma; as, "For, lo, I will call all the families of the kingdoms of the north."&mdash;Jeremiah, i, 15. "O, 'twas about something you would not understand."&mdash;Columbian Orator, p. 221. "Ha, ha! you were finely taken in, then!"&mdash;Aikin. "Ha, ha, ha! A facetious gentleman, truly!"&mdash;Id. "Oh, when shall Britain, conscious of her claim,   Stand emulous of Greek and Roman fame?"&mdash;Pope.