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 composing is, the injudicious introduction of technical words and phrases."--Campbell's Rhet., p. 247. "These are the rules of grammar, by the observing of which, you may avoid mistakes."--Murray's Gram., i, 192; Merchant's, 93; Fisk's, 135; Ingersoll's, 198. "By the observing of the rules you may avoid mistakes."--Alger's Gram., p. 65. "By the observing of these rules he succeeded."--Frost's El. of Gram., p. 82. "Being praised was his ruin."--Ibid. "Deceiving is not convincing."-- Ibid. "He never feared losing a friend."--Ibid. "Making books is his amusement."--Alger's Gram., p. 65. "We call it declining a noun."-- Ingersoll's Gram., p. 22. "Washington, however, pursued the same policy of neutrality, and opposed firmly, taking any part in the wars of Europe."--Hall and Baker's School Hist., p. 294. "The following is a note of Interrogation, or asking a question (?)."--Infant School Gram., p. 132. "The following is a note of Admiration, or expressing wonder (!)."--Ib. "Omitting or using the article a forms a nice distinction in the sense."--Murray's Gram., ii, 284. "Placing the preposition before the word it governs is more graceful."--Churchill's Gram., p. 150. "Assistance is absolutely necessary to their recovery, and retrieving their affairs."--Butler's Analogy, p. 197. "Which termination, [ish,] when added to adjectives, imports diminution, or lessening the quality."--Murray's Gram., i, 131; Kirkham's, 172. "After what is said, will it be thought refining too much to suggest, that the different orders are qualified for different purposes?"--Kames, El. of Crit., ii, 114. "Who has nothing to think of but killing time."--West's Letters, p. 58. "It requires no nicety of ear, as in the distinguishing of tones, or measuring time."--Sheridan's Elocution, p. 65. "The Possessive Case denotes possession, or belonging to."--Hall's Gram., p. 7.

UNDER NOTE XIII.--PERFECT PARTICIPLES.

"Garcilasso was master of the language spoke by the Incas."--Robertson's Amer., ii, 459. "When an interesting story is broke off in the middle."--''Kames, El. of Crit.'', i, 244. "Speaking of Hannibal's elephants drove back by the enemy."--Ib., ii, 32. "If Du Ryer had not wrote for bread, he would have equalled them."--Formey's Belles-Lettres, p. 166. "Pope describes a rock broke off from a mountain, and hurling to the plain."--Kames, ii, 106. "I have wrote or have written, Thou hast wrote or hast written. He hath or has wrote, or hath or has written;" &c.--Dr. Ash's Gram., p. 47; Maltby's, 47. "This was spoke by a pagan."--Webster's Improved Gram., p. 174. "But I have chose to follow the common arrangement."--Ib., p. 10. "The language spoke in Bengal."--Ib., p. 78. "And sound Sleep thus broke off, with suddain Alarms, is apt enough to discompose any one."--Locke, on Ed., p. 32. "This is not only the Case of those Open Sinners, before spoke of."--''Right of Tythes'', p. 26. "Some Grammarians have wrote a very perplexed and difficult doctrine on Punctuation."--Ensell's Gram., p. 340. "There hath a pity arose in me towards thee."--Sewel's Hist., fol., p. 324. "Abel is the only man that has underwent the awful change of death."--''Juvenile Theatre'', p. 4.

"Meantime, on Afric's glowing sands,   Smote with keen heat, the Trav'ler stands."--Union Poems, p. 88.

CHAPTER VIII.--ADVERBS.

The syntax of an Adverb consists in its simple relation to a verb, a participle, an adjective, or whatever else it qualifies; just as the syntax of an English Adjective, (except in a few instances,) consists in its simple relation to a noun or a pronoun.

RULE XXI.--ADVERBS.

Adverbs relate to verbs, participles, adjectives, or other adverbs: as, "Any passion that habitually discomposes our temper, or unfits us for properly discharging the duties of life, has most certainly gained a very dangerous ascendency."--Blair.

"How bless'd this happy hour, should he appear,   Dear to us all, to me supremely dear!"--Pope's Homer.

EXCEPTION FIRST.

The adverbs yes, ay, and yea, expressing a simple affirmation, and the adverbs no and nay, expressing a simple negation, are always independent. They generally answer a question, and are equivalent to a whole sentence. Is it clear, that they ought to be called adverbs? No. "Can honour set to a leg? No. Or an arm? No. Or take away the grief of a wound? No. Honour hath no skill in surgery then? No."--SHAK.: ''First Part of Hen. IV'', Act v, 1.