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 CHAP. i. $ 31. INTRODUCTION. 129 yet does it represent the greatest length of the section, for the northern side is the longest. 1 Nor, lastly, can the Eu- phrates be its western boundary, not even if it flowed in a right line, since its two extremes 2 do not lie under the same meridian. How then is it the western rather than the south- ern boundary ? Apart from this, the distance to the Seas of Cilicia and Syria is so inconsiderable, that there can be_no reason why he should not have enlargedj the third section, so as to include the kingdoms of Semiicamis and Ninus, who are both of them known as Syrian monarch s ; the~first built Babylon, which he made his royal residence ; the ^second Nmus, 3 the capital ofJSyjria; 4 and the same dialect still ex- iss~on both sides of the Euphrates^*" The idea of thus dis- membering so renowned a nation, and allotting its portions to strange nations with which it had no connexion, is as pe- culiarly unfortunate. Eratosthenes cannot plead that he was compelled to do this on account of its size, for had it extended as far as the sea and the frontiers of Arabia Felix and Egypt, even then it would not have been as large as India, or even Ariana. It would have therefore been much better to have enlarged the third section, making it comprehend the whole space as far as the Sea of Syria ; but if this were done, the southern side would not be as he represents it, nor yet in a straight line, but starting from Carmania would follow the right side of the sea-shore from the Persian Gulf to the mouth of the Euphrates ; it would then approach the limits of Mesene 5 and Babylon, where the Isthmus commences which separates Arabia Felix from the rest of the continent. Traversing the Isthmus, it would continue its course to the recess of the Arabian Gulf and Pelusium, 6 thence to the mouth of the Nile at Canopus. 7 Such would be the southern 1 By 800 stadia. 2 Viz. of the Euphrates. 3 Or Nineveh. 4 Syria, properly so called, extended from the shores of the Mediter- ranean to the Euphrates. Between the Euphrates^and the Tigris lay Mesopotamia, andTeyond the Tigris. Assyria. The wjiole of these countries formerly bore the name of Syria?"" The Hebrews denominated Mesopotamia^ Syria of the Rivers. The name Assyria seems to be no- thing more than Syria with the article prefixed. Nineveh stood on the eastern bank of the Tigris. 5 Mesene comprehends the low and sandy grounds traversed by the Euphrates, immediately before it discharges itself into the Persian Gulf. 6 Tineh. 7 Moadieh, near to Aboukir. VOL. I. K