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 CHAPTER XIX.

THE FAMILY IN CIVILISED COUNTRIES.

I. The Family in China.—Filiation in Japan—Traces of ancient fraternal filiation in China—Fictitious kinship in China—The patriarchate in China—The Chinese clan—The idea of the family in the political organisation. II. The Family among the Semitic Races.—The primitive clan among the Arabs—The primitive clan among the Hebrews—Laws of inheritance among the Hebrews—The uterine sister and the german sister—The maternal family in Phœnicia. III. The Family among the Berbers.—Meaning of the word "Berber"—Maternal filiation among the ancient Berbers and Touaregs—Traces of the ancient organisation of the clan among the Kabyles—The actual patriarchate among the Kabyles—Categories of heirs. IV. The Family in Persia.—No trace of the familial clan and of exogamy—Incestuous endogamy—Marriage by rent in modern Persia—The right of primogeniture. V. The Family in India.—The family in Vedic India—The patriarchate in the Code of Manu—The right of primogeniture—Paternity by suggestion—Traces of the familial clan and of the maternal family in Tamil India and Ceylon. VI. The Greco-Roman Family.—The primitive gens—Maternal filiation in Crete, in primitive Athens—Uterine fraternity and german fraternity—Paternal filiation in the Orestes.—The Patria potestas at Rome. VII. The Family in Barbarous Europe.—The Celtic clan—Incestuous endogamy of the Irish—The Slav mir—Traces of maternal filiation in Germany and among the Picts. I. The Family in China.

In order to study the family under the latest forms that it has assumed, we must set aside all strict distinction of race. Doubtless the white races have ended by excelling the