Page:The ethics of Aristotle.djvu/315



. . Aristotle's own account of this word (Prior Analyt. I) is '; but both in the account of ' and here it seems that the proposition itself is really indicated by it.  . The Greek would give “avoids excessive pain,” but this is not true, for the excess of pain would be ground for excuse: the warrant for translating as in the text, is the passage occurring just below .  . Compare Bishop Butler on Particular Propensions, Analogy, Part chap. sect. .  . That is, they are to the right states as Vice to Virtue.  . Consult in connection with this Chapter the Chapter on  in the Rhetoric, 2, and Bishop Butler's Sermon on Resentment.  . The reasoning here being somewhat obscure from the concisement of expression, the following exposition of it is Subjoined.

Actions of Lust are wrong actions done with pleasure, Wrong actions done with pleasure are more justly objects or wrath, Such as are more justly objects of wrath are more unjust, .·. Actions of Lust are more unjust.  . . Considerable difference of opinion exists as to the proper meaning of these words. The emendation which substitutes ' for ' removes all difficulty, as the clause would then naturally refer to : but Zell adheres to the reading in the text of Bekker, because the authority of MSS. and old editions is all on this side. I understand ' as meant to modify the word ', which properly denotes that phase of . (not ) which is caused by pain. The ' deliberately pursues pleasure and declines pain: if there is to be a distinct name for the latter phase, it comes under ' more nearly than any other term, though perhaps not quite properly. Or the words may be understood as referring to the class of wrong acts caused by avoidance of pain, whether deliberate or otherwise, and then of course the names of ' and ' may be fitly given respectively.  . “If we went into a hospital where all were sick or dying, we should think those least ill who were insensible to pain; a physician who knew the whole, would behold them with despair.

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