Page:The ethics of Aristotle.djvu/304

 man may move rightly in his social orbit, without revolving rightly on his own axis. The question is debated in the Politics,. Compare also the distinction between the brave man, and good soldier (supra, Book . chap. ), and also Bishop Butler's first Sermon.  . Terms used for persons.  . By is meant numbers themselves, 4, 20, 50, etc., by  these numbers exemplified, 4 horses, 20 sheep, etc.  . The profits of a mercantile transaction (say £1000) are to be divided between A and B, in the ratio of 2 to 3 (which is the real point to be settled); then, A : B : : 400 : 600. A : 400 : : B : 600 (permutando, and assuming a value for A and B, so as to make them commensurable with the respective sums). A+400 : B+600 : : A : B. This represents the actual distribution: its fairness depending entirely on that of the first proportion.  . i.e. Corrective justice is wrought out by subtraction from the wrong doer and addition to the party injured.  . Her Majesty’s “Justices.”  . I have omitted the next three lines, as they seem to be out of place here, and to occur much more naturally afterwards: it not being likely that they were originally twice written, one is perhaps at liberty to give Aristotle the benefit of the doubt, and conclude that he put them where they made the best sense.  . This I believe to be the meaning of the passage, but do not pretend to be able to get it out of the words. <section end="P. 111, l. 8" /> . <section begin="P. 111, l. 27" />This is apparently contrary to what was said before, but not really so. Aristotle does not mean that the man in authority struck wrongfully, but he takes the extreme case of simple Reciprocation: and in the second case, the man who strikes one in authority commits two offenses, one against the person (and so far they are equal), and another against the office. <section end="P. 111, l. 27" /> . <section begin="P. 112, l. 5" /> denotes, 1st, a kindly feeling issuing in a gratuitous act of kindness; 2ndly, the effect of this act of kindness on a generous mind; 3rdly, this effect issuing in a requital of the kindness. <section end="P. 112, l. 5" /> . <section begin="P. 113, l. 33" />The Shoemaker would get a house while the Builder only had (say) one pair of shoes, or at all events not so many as he ought to have. Thus the man producing the least valuable ware would get the most valuable, and vice versa. Adopting, as I have done, the reading which omits at, we have simply a repetition of the caution, that before Reciprocation is attempted, there must be the same ratio <section end="P. 113, l. 33" />