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 coffin and the golden cross are still in the chamber of the tomb where Constantine placed them.

When it was found necessary to excavate for the foundation of the new massive baldachino, Pope Urban was alarmed at first lest the sacred tomb should be disturbed. The warnings of Pope Gregory the Great against meddling with the tombs of saints like Peter and Paul being remembered, "no one dare even pray there," he once wrote, "without much fear." Three years were spent in preparation for the work and in casting the baldachino. Then the sudden death of Alemanni, the custodian of the Vatican library, who had the chief charge in the preparative work, and the passing away of two of the Pope's confidential staff just as the work commenced, appalled men's minds; but after some hesitation it was decided to go on with the necessary excavations—"All possible precautions," Ubaldi tells us, "being taken for the preservation of the reverence due to the spot, and for the security of the relics." The Pope commanded, "that while the labourers were at work there should always be present some of the priests and ministers of the Church."

Ubaldi describes at length what was found, when each of the four foundations for the four great columns of the baldachino was dug out. We will quote a few of Ubaldi's memoranda, and then give a little summary of what apparently was discovered in this perhaps the most ancient, certainly the most interesting, of the subterranean cemeteries of Christian Rome.

In the excavation of the first foundation—"only two or three inches under the pavement they began to find coffins and sarcophagi. Those nearest to the altar (above) were placed laterally against an ancient wall" (this was doubtless part of the wall of the Memoria of Anacletus), "and from this they judged that these must be the bodies buried nearest to the sepulchre of S. Peter. These were coffins of marble made of simple slabs of different sizes." Only one seems to have borne an inscription, and that was the solitary word "Linus." Was not this the coffin of the first Pope, the Linus saluted in S. Paul's Roman Epistle?

"Two of these coffins were uncovered. The bodies, which were clothed with long robes down to the heels, dark and