Page:The castellated and domestic architecture of Scotland from the twelfth to the eighteenth century (1887) - Volume 1.djvu/67

 FRENCH EXAMPLES 47 INTRODUCTION through which provisions, etc., were hoisted into the castle by a postern, without the necessity of admitting strangers into the inner ward. This courtyard also served to isolate the keep from the rest of the castle. The towers are all of great height and strength. They are solid below, and provided with several tiers of defences at the summit. The view of the south front (Fig. 35) gives a general idea of the aspect of the castle, while the sketch of part of the west side shows the various stages of defences with which the towers and curtains are armed. FIG. 37. Chateau de Pierrefouds. Ground-Plan. During the fourteenth century the Castellated and Domestic Archi- tecture of England took a somewhat different course from that of France. Instead of devoting their attention to the perfecting of the defences, the English architects were chiefly intent on still further improving the con- venience and comfort of the interior accommodation. The halls were increased in size and in number there being frequently a great hall and a little hall, each having its separate kitchen and offices. The private rooms were also increased in number and importance. The lord had no longer only one solar, which acted as private room for himself and family. There were a lord's room and a lady's room, family bedroom and guests' apartments. Bath-rooms were also in use. These apartments were placed in wings attached to the hall. Parlours and private dining-rooms were also now introduced, and large rooms for wardrobes. The chapel was also an important chamber, and had peculiar arrangements. The chancel was lofty, and was provided with a large east window. But con- nected with it there was sometimes a nave or room of two stories in the height of the chancel the upper part, or "oriel," being used by the lord and his family, and the lower part by the domestics. The hall was the