Page:The castellated and domestic architecture of Scotland from the twelfth to the eighteenth century (1887) - Volume 1.djvu/48

 INTRODUCTION 28 MODIFICATIONS OF covered way for defence runs round the keep above the first-floor level, and above this were hoards projected out to a great distance. These,, together with the angle turrets, enabled the garrison to attack the assailants on all sides and guard the keep in every direction. FIG. 2-2. Chateau de Provins. The existing upper story of the keep is modern, and the space within the enclosing wall or chemise was filled up by the English, when they took the place in the fifteenth century, in order to form a platform for their guns. Of the transition period at the end of the twelfth century, England possesses one very fine example in Conisborough Castle, Yorkshire (Fig. 23). This castle has been well illustrated and described by Mr. Clark. It