Page:The castellated and domestic architecture of Scotland from the twelfth to the eighteenth century (1887) - Volume 1.djvu/38

 INTRODUCTION 7 18 NORMAN WORKS From the main entrance a newel stair in the north-east angle leads to the upper floors. The view of the interior (Fig. 13) is taken at the level of the second, or principal floor, where the central wall is pierced with four arches, so that the whole might form one large hall. It appears, however, to have been divided by a lower arcade inserted between the pillars. Over the lower windows of this floor is a second tier of windows, between which and the arches in the inner wall a gallery runs round the building. The windows of the upper and lower floors are also seen. There are fire- places on the principal floor, the chimneys from which are carried through the wall, and find vent in the angles of the outer buttresses. None of the floors are vaulted ; the holes in the walls show where the wooden beams rested. The vestibule is carried up as a tower, and contains the chapel on the upper floor, and two tiers of prisons beneath the vestibule. The south-east angle was undermined in the siege by King John, and rebuilt in a round form. Near this point there was a door giving access to the battlements of the enceinte by a drawbridge from the keep. Dover Castle (Fig. 1 4) contains a very large and perfect keep of the reign of Henry n. PIG. 14. Dover Castle from the North-West. The view shows the usual external characteristics of the Norman keep. On the left of the keep are seen the three towers of the forework, which here is very perfect, and leads up to the main floor of the building, which is on the second story. Surrounding the keep are the walls and towers of the inner or Norman ward, and the whole enceinte is enclosed