Page:The castellated and domestic architecture of Scotland from the twelfth to the eighteenth century (1887) - Volume 1.djvu/246

 THIRD PERIOD 226 LIBERTON TOWER these, the castles of Morton, Ravenscraig, and Tullyallan are good examples. The enlargement of ancient keeps by additions was also in some cases carried out in an unusual manner. Thus, at Ruthven Castle, Perth, and the Dean Castle, Kilmarnock, the additions were not made in the form of buildings connected with the keep, and extending round a quadrangle, but by the erection of a separate tower, or other buildings, at another part of the enceinte, and entirely detached from the original keep. These cases will all be considered in detail in connection with the description of the castles themselves. In describing the individual castles of this period it will be most convenient to begin with examples of the simple form of keep, similar to that usual in the previous century. We shall then give some examples of keeps in which the simple quadrilateral form became modified in various ways. We shall see that the L plan, or that of adding a wing to. one corner, which was introduced in the fourteenth century, is still frequently used, while various further modifications of the simple keep are gradually introduced. Thus in some cases two wings are added and in other cases a projecting staircase is introduced in the re-entering angle of the wing. A few special and exceptional modifications of the keep plan will then be given. Following the same course as in the Second Period, we shall next show how the fifteenth-century keeps were enlarged into castles sur- rounding courtyards or quadrangles, and finally describe the castles which were designed and built on that plan from the first, and which specially distinguish this period of Scotch Domestic Architecture. THIRD PERIOD SIMPLE KEEPS. Beginning with the simple keeps of the fifteenth century, we have a good example of a plain quadrilateral building in Liberton Tower, near Edinburgh. LIBERTON TOWER, MIDLOTHIAN. Liberton Tower is a fifteenth-century keep, which, from the extreme plainness of its form, and its generally frail and dilapidated condition, is frequently assigned to a much earlier period. The simple quadrilateral outline (Fig. 188) is quite usual, and the internal arrangements are some- what similar to those of Lochleven. The whole height (see Section) is divided into two by a semicircular vault in the centre, above which is situated the hall. The upper portion is also vaulted, with a pointed