Page:The Zoologist, 4th series, vol 4 (1900).djvu/122

96 Garden Warbler, Golden-crested Wren, Goldfinch, Great Tit, Hawfinch, Hedge-Sparrow (or Dunnock), Hobby, Honey Buzzard, Kestrel, Kingfisher, Landrail (or Corncrake), Lark, Lesser Whitethroat, Linnet, Long-tailed Tit, Magpie, Martins, Merlin, Nightingale, Nightjar, Nuthatch, Osprey, Owls, Plover (Lapwing or Peewit), Redstart, Reed Warbler, Robin (or Redbreast), Sedge Warbler, Shrikes, Starling, Stonechat, Swallow, Swift, Thrushes, Wagtails, Wheatear, Whinchat, Whitethroat, Willow Warbler, Woodpecker, Wood Warbler, Wren, Wryneck (Cuckoo's-mate or Snake-bird).

Any person infringing this Order is liable on conviction to penalties not exceeding £1 for every bird or egg taken or destroyed.

hard-and-fast characters used in zoological classification attain to the legal definitions of the Medes and Persians. Thus we have "Salamanders with and without Lungs," the subject of a valuable communication by Dr. Lönnberg in the 'Zoologischer Anzeiger' of December last (No. 604, p. 545). It had been proved by Wilder, Camerano, and Moore, as well as by the writer of the article, that many Salamanders are normally deprived of lungs. To these Dr. Lönnberg adds two more species, and gives a list of those known to be without lungs, or to have these organs reduced. There are also a number of species which possess well although differently developed lungs. These Dr. Lönnberg proposes to divide into two classes, viz. (1) such in which the lungs extend to the groin, and are about 60 per cent, of the length of head and body, and (2) such in which the lungs extend only about half-way between axilla and groin, and measure only from 45 to 38 per cent, of the length of the head and body. "Camerano has rightly pointed out the importance of the lungs as an hydrostatic organ, and it seems quite probable that the great length of the lungs in many forms is an adaptation to aquatic life. But the lungless Salamanders are not necessarily obliged to lead a terrestrial life, even if many of them do so; on the contrary, some of them are very positively aquatic in their habits. In the latter case, however, they do not swim suspended in the middle of the water, as the species of Molge, but crawl or wriggle at the bottom."