Page:The Zoologist, 4th series, vol 1 (1897).djvu/542

Rh the scrapings carefully off the sacks, and burn or otherwise destroy them immediately. This scraping should be done annually early in the winter."—('Manual,' p. 287.)

being a Plain Introduction to the Classification of Insects and Methods of Insect Life, with Means of Prevention of Insect Ravage; suited for the use of agriculturists and agricultural teachers and students. One vol., pp. 238; 164 figures. Crown 8vo, price 3s. 6d.

Beetles, as a rule, have two pairs of wings. The upper pair, or wing-cases, which are known as the elytra, are hard and horny, and form a cover or "sheath" for the lower pair; and from this the order of Beetles takes its name of Coleoptera, or sheath-winged. The under wings are membranous and large when spread out in flight; when at rest they are folded both lengthwise and across, so as to fit under the wing-cases. Sometimes the under wings are absent, which is a very important consideration in preventive measures. The jaws are horizontal, somewhat like toothed pincers laid flat, so as to work against each other from side to side.—('Text-Book,' p. 81.)