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 a hand-press, a few of which machines are here to be observed, kept only for proof purposes. When all the matter is corrected in this form, and all the illustration-blocks prepared of their proper size and shape, the type and the blocks, if any, are "made up" into pages, being fixed in iron frames, called chases. All this is very quickly said, and seems very simple, but numbers of corrections and revises are made, and much labour, patience, and ingenuity expended in fixing the proper sizes of the illustrations, and fitting them to their proper places.

When at last the pages are "made up" and firmly screwed and wedged into their chases, the work is but begun. More proofs are taken and corrected, and the chases, with their contents, then go to the electrotyping department, at the top of the building. This workshop is the dirtiest and the most interesting in the place. The dirt cannot be helped—it is clean dirt, so to speak—and is simply graphite, or powdered black-lead, which, being an absolute essential to the process, gets everywhere.

But first let us suppose the made-up page