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Rh Tscherevanin, Das Proletariat und die russische Revolution, 1908 (the writer is a "minority" social democrat). N. Trotzky, Russland in der Revolution, 1909. References to Tscherevanin and Trotzky were made in.

. Leo Deutsch, Seize Ansenans en [sic] Sibérie, 1904. Noworusski, Achtzehneinhalb Jahre hinter russischen Kerkermauern, Schlüsselburger Aufzeich nungen, 1908. Kennan, Siberia and the Exile System, 2 vols., 1891.

Little has been written in the languages of Europe concerning the. Herzen's writings are still the best. More recent works are: P. Miliukov, Russia and its Crisis, 1905, and his earlier Essai sur l'Histoire de la Civilisation Russe, Paris 1901 (Miljukov is the leader of the cadets); M. Zdziechowski, Die Grundprobleme Russlands, literarisch-politische Skizzen, 1907 (from the Polish, a stimulating work, the writer is Catholic and conservative).

Strongly to be recommended are the writings of the nihilist Stepniak (S. M. Kravčinskii). The Career of a Nihilist, 1889 (a novel). Nihilism as it is (undated). The Russian Peasantry, their Agrarian Condition, Social Life, and Religion (2 vols., 1888). Underground Russia, 1883. Russia under the Tsars, 1885. The Russian Storm-Cloud, or Russia in her Relations to Neighbouring Countries, 1886.

The memoirs and autobiographies of revolutionists furnish important contributions to our knowledge in this field, the works, for instance, by Věra Zasulič, Debagorii-Mokrievič, and many others. Kropotkin's Memoirs of a Revolutionist was published in English, 1899. This work contains the main lines of a trustworthy history of the revolutionary movement.

For the earlier periods of this movement a good book is Thun, Geschichte der revolutionären Bewegungen in Russland, 1883. It deals with principles as well as facts.

. H. Lange and G. Bäumer, Handbuch der Frauenbewegung, vol. I, 1901. This deals solely with the legal activities of women. Studies in the history of the revolutionary movement must be utilised to supplement our knowledge of the part played by women in the revolution.

(e). A survey of this subject will be found in the work of Alfred Rambaud, Histoire de la Russie (6th edition, completed up to 1913 by E. Haumant), English translation by L. B. Lang, published in 1879. Kluchevsky, History of Russia, 3 vols., 1911: F. H. Skrine, The Expansion of Russia, 1815-1900, Cambridge, 1903.

Of works dealing with specific epochs and with other special topics, the following may be recommended: T. Schiemann, Geschichte Russlands unter Kaiser Nicholaus I, 3 vols. A. Brückner,